Rogers

• Client Centered


  Roger's therapy
• Person-centered


  Rogerian personality theory
• 1. Formative Tendency

  2. Actualizing Tendency


  Basic Assumptions of the Client-Centered Theory
• Formative Tendency


  For the entire universe, a creative process, rather than an disintegrative one, is in operation; There is a tendency for all matter, both organic and inorganic, to evolve from simpler to more complex forms
• Actualizing Tendency


  Tendency within all humans to move toward completion or fulfillment of potentials
• Satisfy hunger, express emotions, accept one's self

  Only motives people possess
• Actualizing Tendency


  Involves the whole person— physiological and intellectual, rational and emotional, conscious and unconscious and needs to be maintained
• Maintenance


  Tendencies to maintain and enhance the organism that are subsumed within three actualizing tendency and includes basic needs but also the resistance to change and maintain the status quo
• Enhancement Needs


  People's willingness to learn things
• Also expressed through curiosity, playfulness, self-exploration, friendship, and confidence that one can achieve psychological growth
• True

  TRUE OR FALSE: Plants and animals also have an actualizing tendency
• People must be involved in a relationship with a partner who is:

  1) congruent or authentic

  2) who demonstrates empathy

  3) unconditional positive regard


  Certain conditions in which human's actualization tendency is realized
• Necessary and Sufficient


  The three conditions are ______ and ______
• True

  TRUE OR FALSE: Only humans have a concept of self and thus a potential for self-actualization
• "I" or "Me" Experiences


  Portion of experience that becomes personalized and differentiated in awareness which forms a vague sense of self-concept
• Positive; Negative

  As infants gradually become aware of their own identity, they evaluate experiences as ______ or ______, using the actualizing tendency as a criterion
• Self-Actualize


  Once infants establish a rudimentary self structure, their tendency to ______ begins
• Self Actualization


  Subset of the actualization tendency
• Actualization

  1. Organismic experiences of the individual

  2. Refers to the whole person— conscious and unconscious, physiological and cognitive
• Self-Actualization


  Tendency to actualize the self as perceived in awareness
• Self-Concept, Ideal Self

  Two self subsystems
• Self-Concept


  All those aspects of one's being and one's experiences that are perceived in awareness by the individual; Different from the organismic self in which portions of the organismic self are beyond awareness
• The Ideal Self


  One's view of self as one wishes to be
• Incongruence


  Wide gap between the ideal self and self-concept results in ______
• Awareness


  Without this, the self-concept and ideal self would not exist; "The symbolic representation of some portion of our experiences" and is used synonymously with consciousness and symbolization
• Ignored or Denied

  Accurately Symbolized

  Distorted

  Levels of Awareness
• Ignored or Denied

  Experiences below the threshold of awareness
• Ignored or Denied


  Woman walking down a busy street but ignores most of the stimuli; A mother who never wanted children but becomes solicitous out of guilt
• Accurately Symbolized

  Freely admitted to the self-structure; Experiences that are non threatening and consistent with the existing self-concept
• Accurately Symbolized

  Pianist who is confident in his ability is told by a friend they are excellent as playing
• Distorted


  Experience that is not consistent with our view of self is reshaped or distorted so that it can be assimilated into our existing self-concept
• Distorted


  A talented pianist who was told by a distrusted competitor that his playing was excellent will become suspicious
• Denial of positive experiences


  Difficulty accepting compliments because of feelings of undeservingness or distrust
• Individual must make contact— positive or negative— with another person

  Minimum Requirement in becoming a person
• Positive regard; Negative regard


  As children or adults become aware that another person has some measure of regard for them, they begin to value ______ and devalue ______
• Positive regard


  Prerequisite for positive self regarded characterized when a person develops a need to be loved, liked, or accepted by another person
• Positive self-regard


  Experience of prizing or valuing one's self that once established, becomes independent of the continual need to be loved
• True

  TRUE OR FALSE: The source of positive self-regard, then, lies in the positive regard we receive from others, but once established, it is autonomous and self-perpetuating
• Conditions of Worth, Incongruence

  Barriers to Psychological Health
• Conditions of Worth

  Arises when positive regard is conditional and is based on external evaluations; Perceiving that parents, peers, or partners love and accept them only if they meet their expectations and approval