Thypoid

• Typhoid fever

  Also known as Enteric fever
• Typhoid fever


  • Potentially flat and multisystemic illness
• Incubation period


  10-14 days
• Epidemiological factors

  • Agent factor
  • Reservoir of infection
  • Cases
  • Carrier
• Agent

  Salmonella typhi
• Cases


  May be mild, missed or severe. Infectious as long as bacilli appear in stool
• Carrier


  May be temporary or permanent, excrete bacilli for 6-8 weeks
• Host factors

  • Age
  • Sex
  • Immunity
• Immunity


  Antibody to the flagellar antigen is usually higher in immunized individuals
• Environmental factors

  • Enteric fever observed all year, peak July to September
  • Bacilli found in water, ice, food, milk, soil
  • Vegetables grown in sewage or washed in contaminated water
• Clinical manifestations

  • Abdominal pain
  • High fever with chills
  • Bleeding in intestine
  • Diarrhea
  • Red spots on skin
  • Tenderness
  • Malaise
  • Headache and cough