ICT

• Cybercrime


  Criminal activity that either targets or uses a computer, a computer network or a networked device
• Types of cybercrime

  • Email and internet fraud
  • Identity fraud (where personal information is stolen and used)
  • Theft of financial or card payment data
  • Theft and sale of corporate data
  • Cyberextortion (demanding money to prevent a threatened attack)
  • Ransomware attacks (a type of cyberextortion)
  • Cryptojacking (where hackers mine cryptocurrency using resources they do not own)
  • Cyberespionage (where hackers access government or company data)
  • Interfering with systems in a way that compromises a network
  • Infringing copyright
  • Illegal gambling
  • Selling illegal items online
  • Soliciting, producing, or possessing child pornography
• Malware attack


  A computer system or network is infected with a computer virus or other type of malware
• Purposes of a computer compromised by malware

  • Stealing confidential data
  • Using the computer to carry out other criminal acts
  • Causing damage to data
• Phishing


  A campaign where spam emails, or other forms of communication, are sent with the intention of tricking recipients into doing something that undermines their security
• Distributed DoS attacks (DDoS)


  A type of cybercrime attack that cybercriminals use to bring down a system or network
• Hacking


  Unauthorized use of someone else's computer or online account
• Ways for hacking to happen

  • Installing a keystroke logger (keylogger) software
  • Using trial and error in the input of passwords
  • Using viruses to get into your computer to harvest information
• Ways to lessen the risk of getting hacked

  • Use a password that is combination of letters and numbers
  • Use a strong anti-virus or firewall program
  • Never click on suspicious links
  • Don't give anyone access to your computer
  • Avoid keeping important accounts data in your computer
  • Be careful what you post and answer in social media
• Signs of virus infection

  • Your computer runs slower than it used to be
  • Programs and applications take longer to load and sometimes refresh on their own or disappear from the taskbar
  • Certain files and data are deleted
  • Unusual files or directories appear on your system
  • Disk space and file names change for no reason
  • Strange text, images, and messages appear on your screen
  • Your computer shuts down unexpectedly or crashes frequently
• Ways to protect your computer against viruses

  • Make sure your computer's firewall is always turned on
  • Use updated anti-virus software and perform a full computer virus scan regularly
  • Never open an e-mail attachment unless you know who sent it and you are expecting the attachment
  • Avoid using or downloading programs from unknown sources and stick to commercial software
  • Keep your operating system always up-to-date
  • Back up your files regularly
• Spam


  The electronic equivalent of junk mail, flooding message accounts over the Internet with copies of the same message
• Types of spam

  • Email spam (junk mail or unsolicited commercial e-mail)
  • Instant messaging spam (also called spim, sending unsolicited messages and links to millions of users through advanced software)
  • Online game messaging spam (all forms of message flooding in chat rooms, public discussion areas, and private messaging functions of online games)
  • Search engine spam (spam sent via black hat or questionable search engine optimization techniques to increase chances of ranking high in search engines)
  • Blog and guestbook spam (template messages repeatedly posted in the comment sections and guest books of blogs and websites)
  • Video site spam (messages posted with enticing text and images, usually promising videos of a sexually suggestive nature, to random users' online profiles)
  • Virus spam (spam automatically received from someone else's computer, usually through an e-mail message, or the kind that opens with a type of file)
• What to do when spammed

  • Be selective when responding to messages
  • Be careful of signing up or posting to various websites
  • Create e-mail filters
  • Make sure not to aid in perpetuating forwarded messages
• Frauds and scams


  Fake sellers who use computer service to promote bogus service, products, and investment opportunities, with the common goal of fooling you into giving away money and/or bank information
• Guidelines to spot online frauds or scams


  • If something is too good to be true, then most likely it is
  • Be wary of products that are offered too cheap
  • Be cautious of buyers or sellers who have insufficient contact information provided on their sites
  • Research will go a long way
• Common types of online frauds and scams

  • Get rich or deposit scams (scams that generally ask you to send money as "initial deposit" which allow you to earn much more)
  • Phishing email and website scams (emails and websites that resemble legitimate credit or bank authorities, tricking you into entering your ID and password)
  • Winner or claim scam (email saying you've won, inherited, or are the recipient of something great and you have to send a claim fee and/or provide your bank details)
  • Credit card scam (incredible offers of advanced fees paid for a guaranteed loan or credit card)
  • Auction fraud (you never get the product promised or bid on)
  • Employment scam (bogus job offers asking for your personal data)
  • Lottery scam (emails saying you won a huge amount of money and you must pay a processing fee to collect your winnings)
  • Travel scam (offers of amazing low airfare to an exotic destination with hidden high fees)
  • Disaster relief scam (fake charity websites asking for donations for disaster victims)
• Cyberstalking


  The use of the Internet by an individual or a group of individuals to harass another individual, group of individuals, or organization