Organic synthetic routes

    Cards (26)

    • Alkene → poly(alkene)

      Conditions: High pressure, catalyst
    • Alkene → dihalogenoalkane

      Reagents: Br2 or Cl2
      Conditions: Room temperature
      Mechanism: Electrophilic Addition
    • Dihalogenoalkane → diol

      Reagents: KOH(aq)
      Conditions: Heat under reflux
      Mechanism: Nucleophilic Substitution
    • Alkene → halogenoalkane

      Reagents: HBr or HCl
      Conditions: Room temperature
      Mechanism: Electrophilic Addition
    • Alkane → halogenoalkane

      Reagents: Br2 or Cl2
      Conditions: UV light
      Mechanism: Free Radical Substitution
    • Halogenoalkane → alkene

      Reagents: KOH alcoholic
      Conditions: Heat under reflux
      Mechanism: Elimination
    • Alcohol → alkene
      Reagents: Conc H2SO4 or Conc H3PO4
      Mechanism: Elimination, dehydration
    • Alkene → alcohol
      Step 1:
      Reagents: H2SO4
      Mechanism: Electrophilic Addition
      Step 2:
      Reagents: H2O warm
      Reaction: Hydrolysis
    • Halogenoalkane → alcohol

      Reagents: KOH(aq)
      Conditions: Heat under reflux
      Mechanism: Nucleophilic Substitution
    • Alcohol → aldehyde
      Reagents: K2CR2O7/H+
      Conditions: Heat and distill
      Reaction: Partial Oxidation
    • Alcohol → ketone
      Reagents: K2CR2O7/H+
      Conditions: Heat
      Reaction: Oxidation
    • Aldehyde → Carboxylic acid
      Reagents: K2CR2O7/H+
      Conditions: Heat under reflux and excess oxidising agent
      Reaction: Oxidation
    • Aldehyde/Ketone → hydroxynitrile

      Reagents: KCN and H2SO4
      Mechanism: Nucleophilic Addition
    • Aldehyde → alcohol
      Reagents: NaBH4
      Reaction: Reduction
      Mechanism: Nucleophilic Addition
    • Ketone → alcohol
      Reagents: NaBH4
      Reaction: Reduction
      Mechanism: Nucleophilic Addition
    • Carboxylic acid → ester
      Reagents: Alcohol and H2SO4
      Conditions: Heat
      Reaction: esterification
    • Alcohol → ester
      Reagents: Carboxylic acid and H2SO4
      Conditions: Heat
      Reaction: Esterification
    • Acyl chloride/Acid anhydride → carboxylic acid
      Reagents: H2O
      Conditions: Room temperature
      Mechanism: Nucleophilic addition/elimination
    • Acyl chloride/Acid anhydride → ester
      Reagents: Alcohol
      Conditions: Room temperature
      Mechanism: Nucleophilic addition/elimination
    • Acyl chloride/Acid anhydride → primary amide
      Reagents: NH3
      Conditions: Room temperature
      Mechanism: Nucleophilic addition/elimination
    • Acyl chloride/Acid anhydride → secondary amide
      Reagents: Primary amine
      Conditions: Room temperature
      Mechanism: Nucleophilic addition/elimination
    • Halogenoalkane → nitrile
      Reagents: KCN in ethanol/water
      Conditions: Heat under reflux
      Mechanism: Nucleophilic Substitution
    • Halogenoalkane → primary amine
      Reagents: Alcoholic NH3
      Conditions: Heat under pressure
      Mechanism: Nucleophilic substitution
    • Nitrile → primary amine
      Reagents: LiAlH4 in ether
      Reaction: Reduction
    • Primary amine → secondary/tertiary amine or quaternary salt
      Reagents: Halogenoalkane
      Mechanism: Nucleophilic Substitution
    • Primary amine → Secondary amine
      Reagents: Acyl chloride
      Conditions: Room temperature
      Mechanism: Nucleophilic addition/elimination