PE Paper One Flashcards

Cards (198)

  • What are the 5 functions of the skeleton?
    Muscle Attachment

    Protection

    • Joints for movement

    Blood cell production

    Mineral storage
  • Which bones protect the heart and lungs?
    Ribs

    Sternum
  • Define: synovial joint
    A freely movable joint where two or more bones articulate
  • Give 2 minerals that are stored in the bones
    Calcium

    Phosphorous
  • Why is calcium important to the body? (2)
    • To create strong bones and teeth
  • Why are red blood cells important?
    They contain haemoglobin which carries oxygen.
  • Define: ligament
    Tissue which connects bone to bone and stabilises joints
  • Define: tendon
    Tissue which connects muscle to bone and transmits muscular forces to move bones
  • Which movements are possible at a hinge joint?
    A hinge joint permits flexion and extension.
  • Which bones make up the knee joint?
    femur, tibia, patella
  • Which bones articulate within the elbow joint?
    Humerus

    Radius

    Ulna
  • Which bones articulate within the shoulder joint?
    Scapula

    Humerus

    Clavicle
  • Which bones articulate within the hip joint?
    Pelvis

    Femur
  • Define: flexion
    Decreasing the angle of a joint
  • Define: extension
    Increasing the angle of a joint
  • Define: abduction
    Movement away from the midline of the body
  • Define: adduction
    Movement toward the midline of the body
  • Define: rotation
    Movement around a limb's long axis (screwdriver action)
  • Define: circumduction
    Multiplanar combination of flexion, extension, abduction and adduction in sequence (circular motion)
  • Give an example of the deltoids causing flexion
    The deltoids flex the shoulder of a tennis player as they throw the ball up to serve
  • Give an example of the deltoids causing extension
    The deltoids extend the shoulder joint of a rounders player as they draw the arm back to bowl the ball
  • Give an example of the deltoids causing abduction
    The deltoids abduct the shoulder joint in the outward phase of a star jump
  • Give an example of the latissimus dorsi causing adduction
    The latissimus dorsi adducts the shoulder in the inward phase of a star jump
  • Give an example of the pectorals causing adduction (horizontal plane)
    The pectorals horizontally adduct the arm across the chest during the release of a discus
  • Give an example of the abdominals causing flexion
    The abdominals flex the vertebral column and hip joint in the upward phase of a sit-up
  • Give an example of of the gluteals causing extension
    The gluteals extend the hip as a ballet dancer performs an arabesque
  • Give an example of the gluteals causing abduction
    The gluteals abduct the hip in the outward phase of a star jump
  • Give an example of the gluteals causing rotation
    The gluteals rotate the hip as a ballet dancer moves into first position
  • Give an example of the trapezius causing abduction
    The trapezius horizontally abducts the shoulder to bring the arm back in the preparation phase of a discus throw
  • Define: agonist
    The muscle most directly involved in bringing about a movement; also called the prime mover.
  • Define: antagonist
    A muscle which coordinates movement (relaxes and lengthens)
  • Which movement is created by the latissimus dorsi?
    Adduction
  • Define: mechanical advantage
    The ability of a lever system to move a large load with a small effort
  • Define: axis of rotation
    An imaginary line about which a body can rotate
  • Vertical axis of rotation
    An imaginary line running from top to bottom allowing a spinning rotation i.e. pirouette
  • Frontal axis of rotation
    An imaginary line which passes through the body horizontally from the left to right, allowing flexion and extension. i.e. somersault
  • Sagittal Axis of Rotation
    An imaginary line which runs through the body from front to back, allowing a sideward rotation. i.e cartwheel
  • A cartwheel occurs around which axis of rotation?
    Sagittal
  • Transverse plane

    line that divides the body into upper and lower sections
  • Frontal plane
    Divides the body into front and back portions.