study foc final

• How to read an integer input from the user in C++

  int inputInt; cin >> inputInt;

  
• How to output a prompt message followed by an integer variable 'num' to the console in C++

  cout << "The number is " << num;

  
• If the user enters 3.14 in response to the statement 'int value = 3.14;', the value stored in value will be 3
• The C++ code 'int x; cin >> x;' reads an integer input from the user into x

  
• Header file required to use manipulators setprecision and setw

  #include <iomanip>

  
• setw(n) manipulator in C++

  • Formats the output of an expression in a specific number of columns
  • The default output is right-justified
  • If the number of columns specified exceeds the number of columns required, the outputs are left blank
• Purpose of endl and "\n" when used in the cout statement in C++

  It initializes a new line
• Output for the code 'double x = 15.6470; cout << setprecision(2) << fixed << x <<endl;'

  • 15.64
• cin requires the user to press the [Enter] key when finished entering data
• In the statement cin >> x;, x must be a variable
• The statement cin >> x >> y; requires the input values for x and y to appear on the same line
• cin >> skips all leading whitespace characters when searching for the next data in the input stream
• The manipulator setprecision formats the outputs floating-point numbers in the fixed decimal format
• Program that prompts the user to enter a decimal number and then outputs this number rounded to two decimal places

  Prompt the user to enter a decimal number

  2. Read the decimal number into a variable

  3. Output the number rounded to two decimal places
• bool


  Logical data type in C++
• Type-casting bool to int

  true => 1, false => 0
• Type-casting int to bool

  A Zero value => false, A Non-Zero value => true
• Prints 5. This is not a logical expression. It is an assignment expression.
• Logical Expression


  Another way to complement an expression is just putting a Not operator (!) in front of it.
• Branching/ Selection