COR 013 FNL

• SOCIAL GROUPS - Consists of two or more people who interact with one another and who recognize themselves as distinct social unit. (Giddens, 1993) 
• Primary Groups - Are social group whose members share personal and lasting relationship
• Secondary Group - Are large cluster of people who have a mutually shared purpose, often aiming to complete tasks.
• IN-Groups

  • Groups to which a person belongs. 
  • Consists of people in whose presence the person feels comfortable and with whom he or she share common experiences and interests. 
• OUT-Groups

  • Groups to which a person does not belong. 
  • If you are a member of a club, those who are not members are out-groups
• REFERENCE GROUPS

  • Is a group to which we compare ourselves. 
  • It serves as a standard to which we measure our behaviors and attitudes.
• Informal R.G.

  • It is based on the groups shared interests and goals. 
  • Members react on a personal level.
• Formal R.G

  • Have a specific goal or mission. 
  • Formal reference groups are those groups with which an individual has direct face-to-face interaction and formal relationships.
• • Membership R.G.
  • Groups that are in agreement with in regards to attitude, norms, and behaviors. 
• Disclaimant R.G.

  • Group we do not agree with in regards to attitude, norms, and behaviors. 
  • These are groups individuals consciously distance themselves from due to the perception of their undesirability or lack of prestige. 
• • Aspirational R.G. 
  • a group of individuals doesn’t belong to but aspires to become a part of it in the future.
• Dissociative R.G.

  • a group an individual doesn’t belong to and disapproves of in regards to attitudes, norms, and behaviors. 
  • These are groups individuals’ distance themselves from due to ideological or value based differences.
• SOCIAL NETWORKS

  • An individual’s scope or total set of relationships with others.
  • Indicates the ways in which they are connected through various social familiarities ranging from casual acquaintances to close familial bonds. 
  • It is a social structure exists between actors (individuals and organization).
• MICRO Level Analysis

  • Smallest level of analysis of social networks. It explains that a social network typically starts with an individual. 
  • Focuses on individual actors within a social network and their immediate connections or relationships.
• • Dyadic Lvl. social relationship between two individuals
• Triadic Lvl. - social relationship between three individuals.
• • Actor Lvl. smallest unit of analysis in a social network is an individual in their social network.
• Subset Lvl. - may focus on distance and reachability, cliques, cohesive, or cohesive subgroups
• MESO Level Analysis

  • Meso-level analysis shifts the focus to groups or communities within a social network, rather than individual actors.
  • It examines patterns of interaction and connections among smaller units or clusters of actors within the larger network
• MACRO Level Analysis

  • Zooms out to examine the overall structure, composition, and dynamics of the entire social network or network system. 
  • It focuses on large-scale patterns, trends, and processes that emerge from interactions among multiple actors and groups within the network.
• SOCIAL DISTANCE - Used to measure the degree of closeness or acceptance we feel toward other group. While most often used with reference to racial groups.
• • Personal Space
  • Is defined as an area surrounding an individual, regarded and valued as private, inaccessible to the others without causing some sort of discomfort.
• Intimate Distance 

  • about 18 inches from the body 
  • for lovemaking, comforting and protecting.
• Personal Distance 

  • from 18 inches to 4 feet 
  • for friends, acquaintances and ordinary conversations
• • Social Distance
  • from 4 feet to 12 feet 
  • for impersonal or formal relationships such as in a workplace
• Public Distance

  • beyond 12 feet 
  • for even more formal relationships such as public speakers from the general public.
• KINSHIP

  • The “web of social relationships”, humans form as part of a family, which is the smallest unit of society. 
  • It is the relation between two or more persons that is based on common ancestry or marriage. 
• Kinship by Blood 

  • links individuals based on their genetic relations. 
  • It allows an individual to identify another individual as a family member through blood relation.
• Kinship by Ritual 

  • Also known as Campadrazgo
  • Literally co-fatherhood
  • The form of ritual kinship established through rites
• HOUSEHOLD - Consists of one or more people who live in the same dwelling and also share at meals or living accommodation, and may consist of a single family or some other grouping of people
• • Householder 
  • One person in each household is designated as the householder. In most cases, the householder is the owner of the house.
• Family Household

  • Living with one or more individuals related to him or her by birth, marriage or adoption. 
  • The householder and all of the people in the household, related to him or her are family members (example: Married couples, Relatives, Children, Siblings)
• • Non-Family Household
  • Living alone or nonrelatives only. Nonrelatives include any household member not related to the householder by birth, marriage or adoption, including foster children. (Examples: Roommates, Employees, Board mates)
• • MARRIAGE - Special contract of permanent union between a man and a woman entered into in accordance with law for the establishment of conjugal and family life.
• • Monogamy - one wife and one husband at a time.
• Polygamy - a person may have more than one spouse at a time.

  Polyandry - a woman having more than one husband. Polygyny a man having more than one wife.
• • Group Marriage wherein the family consists of multiple husbands and multiple wives.
• • Endogamy 
  • it is a rule of marriage in which the life-partners are to be selected within the group and the group may be caste, class, tribe, race, village, religious group etc.
• Exogamy 

  • It is a rule of marriage in which an individual has to marry outside his own group. 
  • It prohibits marrying within the group.
  • The so-called blood relatives shall neither have marital connections nor sexual contacts among themselves.
• Extended Family 

  • a family unit that consists of the husband and wife with their children, and their relatives