topic 3

• 3000 BC

  Sumerian writing used pictographs to represent words.
• 2900BC

  Beginning of Egyptian hieroglyphic writing
• 1300BC

  Tortoise shell and oracle bone writing were used
• 500BC

  Papyrus roll was used
• 220BC

  Chinese small seal writing was developed
• 100AD

  Book (parchment codex)
• 105AD

  Woodblock printing and paper was invented by Chinese
• 1455

  Johannes Gutenberg invented the printing press using movable metal type
• 1755

  Samuel Johnson’s dictionary standardized English spelling
• 1802

   The Library of Congress was established
• 1802

   Invention of the carbon arc lamp
• 1824

  Research on persistence of vision published
• 1830s

   First viable design for a digital computer

   Augusta Lady Byron writes the world’s first computer program
• 1837

  Invention of the telegraph in Great Britain and the United States
• 1861

  Motion pictures were projected onto the screen
• 1876

  Dewey Decimal system was introduced
• 1877

  Edwaerd Muybridge demonstrated high-speed photography
• 1899

  First magnetic recordings were released
• 1902

  Motion picture special effects were used
• 1906

  Lee Deforest invented the electronic amplifying tube
• 1923

  Television camera tube was invented by Zvorkyn
• 1926

  First practical sound movie
• 1939

  Regularly scheduled television broadcasting began in the US
• 1940s

  Beginnings of information science as a discipline
• 1945

  Vannevar Bush foresaw the invention of hypertext
• 1946

  ENIAC computer was developed
• 1948

  Birth of field- of- information theory proposed by Claude E. Shannon
• 1957

  Planar transistor was developed by Jean Hoerni
• 1958

  First integrated circuit
• 1960s

  Library of Congress developed LC MARC (machine-readable code)
• 1969

  UNIX operating system was developed, which could handle multitasking
• 1971

  Intel introduced the first microprocessor chip
• 1972

  Optical laserdisc was developed by Philips and MCA
• 1974

  MCA and Philips agreed on a standard videodisc encoding format
• 1975

  Altair Microcomputer Kit was released: first personal computer for the public
• 1977

  RadioShack introduced the first complete personal computer
• 1984

  Apple Macintosh computer was introduced
• Mid 1980s

  Artificial intelligence was separated from information science
• 1987

  Hypercard was developed
• 1991

  Four hundred fifty complete works of literature on one CD- ROM was released