History

• Empire 


  A collection of different areas controlled by one “mother” country.
• Colony

  • Areas or countries controlled by another country; for example, Britain controlled a huge number of colonies, which made up its Empire. 
• • In 1814 the Church Missionary Society began sending missionaries to India and established mission stations at Chennai (Madras) and Bengal, then in 1816 at Travencore.
• Church Missionary Society sent 7 missionaries to India in 1814-1816
• • The missions were financed by the Church Missionary Society with the local organisation of a mission usually being under the oversight of the Bishop of area in which the Church Missionary Society mission operated.
• • The London Missionary Society (LMS) was a Protestant missionary society formed in England in 1795 
• • The LMS operated missions to the South Seas, China and Madagascar, South and South East Asia, Southern and Central Africa and, to a lesser extent, in North America and the West Indies. 
• • In 1756 Siraj ud-Daulah became the Nawab of Bengal. He grew frustrated with the British presence in Bengal and needed money to fund his wars.
• Civilize

  bring (a place or people) to a stage of social and cultural development considered to be more advanced. 
• 1600

  Concerned that the English were falling behind the Dutch on new trading routes, on the 31st December 1600, Queen Elizabeth I granted over 200 English merchants the right to trade in the East Indies. 
• 1601

  In this year, Sir James Lancaster commanded the first East India Company voyage in 1601 abroad the Red Dragon to India!
• 1700


  The East India company expands
• By the year 1700, the EIC had grown so large that it had come to dominate the global textile trade and had even amassed its own army in order to protect its interests. Most of these forces were based at the three main stations in India at Madras, Bombay and Bengal.
• 1857


  The Indian Rebellion
• In the mid-19th century, the East India Company started witnessing an increasing rebellion from its Indian territories. The rebels caught their employers off guard and succeeded in killing many British soldiers, civilians, and Indians loyal to the Company.  In retaliation for the uprising, the Company killed thousands of Indians and civilians sympathetic to the uprising, this was the Indian Rebellion of 1857.
• 1858

  The Indian Rebellion was to be the end of the East India Company. In the wake of this uprising, the British government abolished the Company in 1858. All of its administrative and taxing powers, along with its possessions and armed forces, were taken over by the Crown.
• What countries did england colonize?


  New Zealand

  Australia

  America
• How did the british empire affect the lives of people in britain and in colonies?

  
  

  In the colonies, indigenous peoples were often displaced, exploited, and discriminated against. In Britain, the imperial experience led to a sense of national superiority and a belief in the right to rule over other peoples.
• What is the east india company?

  East India Company, English company formed for the exploitation of trade with East and Southeast Asia and India, incorporated by royal charter on December 31, 1600.
• 1860

  • Africa known by many as the ‘dark continent’ a place of ignorance 
• Missionary 


  a person sent on a religious mission, especially one sent to promote Christianity in a foreign country.
• David Livingstone was born in Blantire, Scotland


  March 19, 1813
• David Livingstone went back to London and organized a third expedition to search for the headwaters of the Nile River


  1864
• The third expedition was never completed, and Livingstone vanished
• David Livingstone

  Missionary
• Cecil Rhodes

  • British businessman, mining magnate (
  • white supremacist 
  • Politician  in southern Africa - Served as Prime Minister of the Cape Colony from 1890 to 1896.
• How did the Atlantic slave trade operate in Africa?

  Slavery not new to Africa. Slavery, and the buying and selling of slaves, was already being done. The various Muslim states in the Middle-East and Africa had been major players in this trade for centuries. 
• Atlantic slave trade

  Europeans established ‘factories’ (trading posts) on the West African coast. But they would rarely venture inland and enslave people themselves.

  Instead, local West African rulers would capture people in raids or during wars, and then would sell them to the Europeans.

  Many of these rulers became wealthy from this exchange.
• What is the middle passage?

  • The voyage across the Atlantic from Africa to the Americas, is known as the Middle Passage, which generally took 6 to 8 weeks. Once in the Americas those Africans who had survived the journey were off-loaded for sale and put to work as slaves. 
• Saint Domingue was controlled by the French and had the largest enslaved population in the Caribbean. It had a booming sugar industry that had created the world's richest colony, with half a million enslaved Africans. It produced more than 30% of the world's sugar and more than half its coffee.
• Britain had been a major player in the slave trade since about 1640
• At the time when slavery was abolished, there were near to 46,000 slave owners in Britain alone
• In 1770 there were about 15,000 slaves in Britain working in domestic service and by 1880s there were only about 3000
• Many in Britain never saw the full effects of slavery despite them owning half of the slaves as the majority of the work done by slaves happened in America or the West Indies
• • Between 1775 – 1783, Britain and America were at war in the American War of Independence
  • Prior to America gaining independence, areas in America such as Massachusetts and Virginia, were under British colonial rule
  • Britain was unsuccessful at retaining control over these colonies and America gained its independence
  • With Britain’s loss of influence in the Americas, it starts to call into question the influence of Britain in that part of the world thus calling into question to ownership of plantations in America and the West Indies 
• By the beginning of the 1800s, there were some serious questions about the practice of slavery
• Why was abolition possible at the start of the 1800s?

  1. Britain starts to see large changes regarding industrial advances

  2. Growth in towns due to people moving from agriculturally based work to industrially based work

  3. Perceptions of what it meant to be a good worker started to shift and these changing perceptions were influenced by the growing abolitionist movement

  4. During the industrial period it was expected that workers became diligent, sober and dependable who gratefully accepted his position in society

  5. Growth of the middle classes - a property owning and educated class who often had strong morals rooted in religion
• How was the transatlantic slave trade abolished in Britain?

  Eventually, in 1807, Parliament passed an Act for the Abolition of the Slave Trade, which abolished the trade by Britain in enslaved peoples between Africa, the West Indies and America. (NOT OWNING A SLAVE)
• George Hibbert

  • leader of the pro-slavery battle against the abolitionists – tried to meet the abolitionists on a ‘humanitarian’ ground, presenting the image of the paternal planter
  • Argued that, by putting the slaves to work on their plantations, they were civilising the slaves who, in their view, were brutal and uncivilised.
• Act for the Abolition of the Slave Trade passed


  1807