set of tools or machine resources that is commonly used to achieve a construction objectives and plans.
Heavy Equipment
heavy-duty vehicles designed to execute large construction tasks; usually boarded.
Light Equipment
tools that are controlled to perform construction works; usually handheld
Construction Operations
refers to the activities and processes involved in building or erecting structures such as buildings, bridges, roads, dams, and other infrastructure projects.
CONSTRUCTION OPERATIONS
Excavating and Lifting
Loading and Hauling
Compacting and Finishing
Rock Excavation
Production Equipment
Paving and Surface Treatments
Compressed Air and Water Systems
Equipment Maintenance
regular maintenance is necessary for optimal operation. Regular maintenance maximizes equipment reliability, minimizes downtime, and reduces costs, enhancing project success and efficiency.
EQUIPMENT MAINTENANCE
Preventive Maintenance
Scheduled Maintenance
Corrective Maintenance
Training and Certification
Documentation
Safety Protocols
Environmental Considerations
Preventive Maintenance
regular inspections and servicing prevent costly repairs and downtime
Scheduled Inspections
conducted at set intervals to detect and address issues promptly.
Corrective Maintenance
resolves unexpected problems swiftly to maintain safety and efficiency.
Training and Certification
ensures operators and technicians are skilled in safe operation and maintenance.
Documentation
detailed records track maintenance activities, aiding in compliance and issue identification.
Safety Protocols
adherence to safety measures prevents accidents and injuries during maintenance.
Environmental Considerations
proper disposal of waste materials ensure sustainability and compliance
Equipment Costs
total cost of the equipment
EQUIPMENT COSTS
Owning Costs
Operating Costs
Owning Costs
fixed costs that are incurred each year whether the equipment is operated or not
OWNING COSTS
Depreciation Costs
Investment / Interest Cost
Insurance Cost
Taxes Cost
Storage Cost
Depreciation Cost
the decline in market value of an item due to age, wear, deterioration, and obsolescence.
Purposes in equipment cost: (1) evaluating tax liability, and (2) determining the depreciation component of the hourly equipment cost.
Investment / Interest Cost
represents the annual cost (converted to an hourly cost) of the capital invested in a machine
Insurance Cost
cost of fire, theft, accident, and liability insurance for the equipment; known on an annual basis
Taxes
cost of property tax and licenses for the equipment; known on an annual basis.
Storage Cost
cost of rent and maintenance for equipment storage yards and facilities, the wages of guards and employees involved in handling equipment in and out of storage, and associated direct overhead.
Known on an annual basis for the entire equipment fleet.
OPERATING COSTS
Fuel Costs
Service Costs
Repair Costs
Lifetime Repair Costs
Tire Costs
Special Items
Operators Wages
Fuel Costs
the hourly cost of fuel is simply fuel consumption per hour multiplied by the cost per unit of fuel (gallon or liter)
Service Costs
Represents the cost of oil, hydraulic fluids, grease, and filters as well as the labor required to perform routine maintenance service.
Repair Costs
Represents the cost of all equipment repair and maintenance except for tire repair and replacement, routine service, and the replacement of high-wear items, such as ripper teeth.
Usually constitutes the largest item of operating expense for construction equipment.
Lifetime Repair Costs
a percentage of the equipment’s initial cost less tires.
Tire Costs
represents the cost of tire repair and replacement. Usually exceeded only by repair cost.
Special Items
cost of replacing high-wear items such as dozer, grader, and scraper blade cutting edges and end bits, as well as ripper tips, shanks, and shanks protectors
Operators Wages
worker’s compensation insurance, Social Security taxes, overtime or premium pay, and fringe benefits, in the hourly wage figure.
EQUIPMENT SELECTION AND ITS FACTORS
Scope
Site
Site
Need
Attachments
Staff Knowledge
Service
OPERATIONS
EXCAVATING AND LIFTING
LOADING AND HAULING
COMPACTING AND FINISHING
ROCK EXCAVATION
PRODUCTION EQUIPMENT
PAVING AND SURFACE TREATMENTS
COMPRESSED AIR AND WATER SYSTEMS
EXCAVATING AND LIFTING
EXCAVATORS
SHOVELS
DRAGLINES
CLAMSHELL
TRENCHING AND TRENCHLESS TECHNOLOGY
CRANES
Excavating
process of digging, removing, or clearing earth, soil, rock, or other materials from a designated area
Lifting
process of raising and relocating heavy objects or materials using specialized equipment
Excavators
a power-driven digging machines
large industrial machines used to move large amounts of material like rock and soil
Types of Excavators
✓ Hydraulic excavators
✓ Member of the Cable Operated and Crane-Shovel Family Used for Excavating and Lifting Operations
Hydraulic Excavators
✓ equipped with a hydraulic system powered by a hydraulic pump driven by an engine
✓ consists of an upper carriage with hydraulically rotating upper deck (revolving 360º) and attachment, directly mounted to either a wheeled or crawler undercarriage