TOPIC 6- Construction Equipment Operations and Maintenance

• Construction Equipment

  • set of tools or machine resources that is commonly used to achieve a construction objectives and plans.
• Heavy Equipment

  • heavy-duty vehicles designed to execute large construction tasks; usually boarded.
• Light Equipment

  • tools that are controlled to perform construction works; usually handheld
• Construction Operations

  • refers to the activities and processes involved in building or erecting structures such as buildings, bridges, roads, dams, and other infrastructure projects.
• CONSTRUCTION OPERATIONS

  • Excavating and Lifting
  • Loading and Hauling
  • Compacting and Finishing
  • Rock Excavation
  • Production Equipment
  • Paving and Surface Treatments
  • Compressed Air and Water Systems
• Equipment Maintenance

  • regular maintenance is necessary for optimal operation. Regular maintenance maximizes equipment reliability, minimizes downtime, and reduces costs, enhancing project success and efficiency.
• EQUIPMENT MAINTENANCE

  • Preventive Maintenance
  • Scheduled Maintenance
  • Corrective Maintenance
  • Training and Certification
  • Documentation
  • Safety Protocols
  • Environmental Considerations
• Preventive Maintenance

  • regular inspections and servicing prevent costly repairs and downtime
• Scheduled Inspections

  • conducted at set intervals to detect and address issues promptly.
• Corrective Maintenance

  • resolves unexpected problems swiftly to maintain safety and efficiency.
• Training and Certification

  • ensures operators and technicians are skilled in safe operation and maintenance.
• Documentation

  • detailed records track maintenance activities, aiding in compliance and issue identification.
• Safety Protocols

  • adherence to safety measures prevents accidents and injuries during maintenance.
• Environmental Considerations

  • proper disposal of waste materials ensure sustainability and compliance
• Equipment Costs

  • total cost of the equipment
• EQUIPMENT COSTS

  • Owning Costs
  • Operating Costs
• Owning Costs

  • fixed costs that are incurred each year whether the equipment is operated or not
• OWNING COSTS

  • Depreciation Costs
  • Investment / Interest Cost
  • Insurance Cost
  • Taxes Cost
  • Storage Cost
• Depreciation Cost

  • the decline in market value of an item due to age, wear, deterioration, and obsolescence.
  • Purposes in equipment cost: (1) evaluating tax liability, and (2) determining the depreciation component of the hourly equipment cost.
• Investment / Interest Cost

  • represents the annual cost (converted to an hourly cost) of the capital invested in a machine
• Insurance Cost

  • cost of fire, theft, accident, and liability insurance for the equipment; known on an annual basis
• Taxes

  • cost of property tax and licenses for the equipment; known on an annual basis.
• Storage Cost

  • cost of rent and maintenance for equipment storage yards and facilities, the wages of guards and employees involved in handling equipment in and out of storage, and associated direct overhead.
  • Known on an annual basis for the entire equipment fleet.
• OPERATING COSTS

  • Fuel Costs
  • Service Costs
  • Repair Costs
  • Lifetime Repair Costs
  • Tire Costs
  • Special Items
  • Operators Wages
• Fuel Costs

  • the hourly cost of fuel is simply fuel consumption per hour multiplied by the cost per unit of fuel (gallon or liter)
• Service Costs

  • Represents the cost of oil, hydraulic fluids, grease, and filters as well as the labor required to perform routine maintenance service.
• Repair Costs

  • Represents the cost of all equipment repair and maintenance except for tire repair and replacement, routine service, and the replacement of high-wear items, such as ripper teeth.
  • Usually constitutes the largest item of operating expense for construction equipment.
• Lifetime Repair Costs

  • a percentage of the equipment’s initial cost less tires.
• Tire Costs

  • represents the cost of tire repair and replacement. Usually exceeded only by repair cost.
• Special Items

  • cost of replacing high-wear items such as dozer, grader, and scraper blade cutting edges and end bits, as well as ripper tips, shanks, and shanks protectors
• Operators Wages

  • worker’s compensation insurance, Social Security taxes, overtime or premium pay, and fringe benefits, in the hourly wage figure.
• EQUIPMENT SELECTION AND ITS FACTORS

  • Scope
  • Site
  • Site
  • Need
  • Attachments
  • Staff Knowledge
  • Service
• OPERATIONS

  • EXCAVATING AND LIFTING
  • LOADING AND HAULING
  • COMPACTING AND FINISHING
  • ROCK EXCAVATION
  • PRODUCTION EQUIPMENT
  • PAVING AND SURFACE TREATMENTS
  • COMPRESSED AIR AND WATER SYSTEMS
• EXCAVATING AND LIFTING

  • EXCAVATORS
  • SHOVELS
  • DRAGLINES
  • CLAMSHELL
  • TRENCHING AND TRENCHLESS TECHNOLOGY
  • CRANES
• Excavating

  • process of digging, removing, or clearing earth, soil, rock, or other materials from a designated area
• Lifting

  • process of raising and relocating heavy objects or materials using specialized equipment
• Excavators

  • a power-driven digging machines
  • large industrial machines used to move large amounts of material like rock and soil
• Types of Excavators

  ✓ Hydraulic excavators

  ✓ Member of the Cable Operated and Crane-Shovel Family Used for Excavating and Lifting Operations
• Hydraulic Excavators

  ✓ equipped with a hydraulic system powered by a hydraulic pump driven by an engine

  ✓ consists of an upper carriage with hydraulically rotating upper deck (revolving 360º) and attachment, directly mounted to either a wheeled or crawler undercarriage
• TYPES OF HYDRALIC EXCAVATORS

  1. CRAWLER EXCAVATOR
  2. WHEELED EXCAVATOR
  3. DRAGLINE EXCAVATOR
  4. SUCTION EXCAVATOR
  5. SKID STEER EXCAVATOR
  6. LONG REACH EXCAVATOR
  7. MINI EXCAVATOR