excretory

• Excretory System


  responsible for removing toxins and excess waste as a result of cellular metabolism.
• Excretion


  removal of waste through metabolic processes.
• Elimination


  removal of waste through digestive system
• Renal


  is also known as kidney
• Kidney


  it's a two-bean-shaped organ, a size of a fist, and located just below the rib cage.
• Kidney (renal)


  helps maintain overall health by filtering waste products and excess water from the blood, producing urine, and regulating bodily functions.
• Renal artery


  carry oxygenated blood from the heart to kidney
• renal vein


  carry deoxygenated blood from kidney back to the heart
• blood filtration


  removes waste from blood
• fluid balance


  regulate amount of water and electrolytes
• bone health


  vitamin D production
• ureter


  it's a tube-shaped organ
• Ureter


  responsible for transporting urine from the kidney to the bladder
• Ureter


  approximately 20-30 cm long and a width of a shoelace
• Mucosa


  innermost layer which facilitates urine flow
• Muscularis


  middle layer which propels urine downward.
• Adventitia 


  outermost layer which provides support and structure
• Ureter


  its functions were to transport urine and to prevent backflow
• Urinary bladder


  it's a muscular, hollow organ
• Urinary Bladder


  it stores urine and its average capacity is 400 to 600 mL but can be as high as 1000 mL
• Voiding


  when bladder reaches its capacity, the bladders muscle contracts, and the internal urethral sphincter relaxes, allowing urine to pass into the urethra and out of the body.
• sphincter


  it's a ring-shaped muscle that relaxes or tightens to open or close a passage or opening in the body.
• urethra


  it's a narrow muscular tube and serves as a passage for urine to exit the body from the bladder.
• continence


  the ability to control movements of the bowels and bladder
• nephrons


  basic structural and functional unit of the kidney in charge of filtering blood.
• perspiration


  serves as a temperature control and maintains salt levels in the body.
• carbon dioxide


  waste product when oxygen has been used to turn food to energy
• the main functions of the excretory system are to remove waste, regulate chemical homeostasis, pH balance, and blood pressure.
• erythropoietin


  stimulates production of red blood cells
• renin


  helps regulate blood pressure.
• liver


  it detoxifies harmful substances into less harmful substances that can be excreted by the kidney or eliminated into the intestine.
• osmoregulation


  maintenance of salt and water balance within body's fluid
• osmoregulation


  can help prevent dehydration or overhydration