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• Belief system


  An ideology or set of principles that helps interpret everyday reality. This could be in the form of religion, political affiliation, philosophy or spiritual among many other things.
• Religious belief system


  Usually controlled around a moral code, that belief of one or more deities, and the ability for supernatural occurrences to affect inhabitants in the universe that they exist in.
• Spiritual belief system


  Closely related to religion, but it is not as structured. Some prefer to believe in an eternal life and pursue a moral code of conduct but do not join with a particular church or denomination.
• Animism


  • Includes the belief that there is no connection between the spiritual and physical world but in addition, it has the idea that the souls or spirits exists, not only in humans, but also in animals, plants, rocks, geographic features such as mountains or rivers, or other entities of the natural environment, including thunder, wind and shadows.
• In the Philippines, Animism is the pre-Hispanic type of religion where it is practiced mostly in Luzon and Visayas.
• Business practices of Animism

  • Seeing a Thai house owner offering incense and food and drink to the spirit at least once a day
  • Placing food, drink in a small table with incense sticks
  • Prior to opening businesses, the owner usually present this offerings and kneel before asking for good favor of the spirit
• Feng Shui


  An animist old-age practice-based a pond cosmic and geographic dimensions is widely practiced. It principles have a long track record of successful outcomes both one's personal life and business.
• Shintoism

  • Shinto, which means "way of Gods", is the customary religion of Japan that centers on natural world. A lot of people consider Shinto to be a form of animism since there are many similarities found between them.
  • It teaches that there is a bond of holiness between the whole universe and humans.
  • Shintoism believes that every mountain, river, plants, animals and all the different phenomena of heaven and earth have spirit that they called "kami", which dwell in them.
  • Respect is paid to ancestor through the practice of ancestor worship
• Business practices of Shintoism

  • New business and buildings were blessed by a Shinto priest called "kannushi" during the groundbreaking ceremony
  • Many cars are made in Japan have been blessed as part of the assembly process
  • Many Japanese businesses build outside Japan have had ceremonies performed by Shinto priest, with occasionally and annual visitation by the priest to repurify
• Hinduism


  • In the contrast of other religions, Hinduism has no founder and it is considered as the oldest religion in the world.
  • It is a polytheistic religion that was form from variety of different religious practices.
  • Hinduism, salvation is attained in through spiritual oneness of the soul (atman), with the ultimate reality of universe (brahman).
  • In order to attain this goal, the soul must attain liberation (moksha), or from the endless cycle of birth, death and rebirth (samsara).
  • Hinduism believes in reincarnation which is influences by karma (material actions resulting from the consequences of pervious actions), and dharma (fulfilling one's duty in life).
• Business practices of Hinduism

  • Doing business meeting requires handshake called "namaste" as part of etiquette
  • Always use the appropriate formal title when addressing a person if the person is personally known like professor, doctor, mister of mrs.
  • Business card should be exchange at the first meeting
  • Doing business involves building relationships because the only deal favorably with those they know and trust even with lucrative deals
  • Meetings should be arranged well in advance
  • Punctuality is expected, although being 10 minutes late will have ruinous consequences
  • When entering a meeting room, a person must always approach and greet the elder figure first
  • Business dealings involve negotiations and can be slow
  • Business decisions are not solely based on statistics and empirical data or power point presentations
  • When negotiating avoid high pressure tactics and do not be forceful
  • Once terms have been agreed there will be a celebration dinner for a successful negotiation and the continuous process of relationship building process
• The caste system of India

  • Brahman - The highest ranked of the four varnas or traditional social classes of India. Includes Hindu priests, advisers, and intellectual leaders.
  • Kshatriya - The second highest of the varnas. Included rulers, military leaders, and large landowners.
  • Vaishya - The third highest of the four varnas. Includes merchants, traders, and farmers.
  • Shudra - The lowest ranked varna. Traditionally includes artisans, laborers, and servants.
  • Dalit - (formerly called "untouchable") A fifth category with no varna designation. Includes various low status persons and those outside the caste system.
• Judaism


  • It is the oldest known monotheistic religion still practiced in the world today. Its primary teachings have been powerful and are the foundation for more newly developed religions such as Christianity and Islam.
  • Jewish history, beliefs and traditions recorded in the Hebrew bible beginning as early as the 8th century BC.
  • Their book is called "Torah", which is their bible that has the five old testament: Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers and Deuteronomy.
  • Jewish beliefs center on the conviction that there is only one God.
  • Their sacred text, the Hebrew Bible teaches several doctrines like those about God, the Messiah, human beings, and the universe which making beliefs very important to Jews.
  • Unlike many religions, Judaism does not focus much on abstract cosmological concept. Although Jews have certainly considered the nature of God, man, the universe, life and the afterlife at great length there is no mandated official, definitive belief on these subjects.
  • There is significant room for personal opinion on all these matters, because Judaism is more concern about actions than beliefs.
• Business practices of Judaism

  • Judaism seems nothing immortal with business and making a profit as long as the firm realizes that it has other responsibilities too. Any organization must practice loving, kindness, justice, and righteousness and as stressed and demanded by God.
  • Must have an honest business dealings.
  • False and defective packaging and labeling likewise is prohibited.
  • The relations between the employees and employers, as well, as regulated by Jewish Law. The law recognizes the legality of regulation and promulgated by "the residents of town" about wages and working conditions.
  • The rights and interests of workers and a management are to be taken into account by someone to whom a labor disagreement is brought for arbitration or adjudication.
• Buddhism


  • Buddhism developed in India, and is based in many of the foundation concepts of Hinduism. Siddhartha was born into the brahmin caste, and by all accounts led a lavish lifestyle.
  • Yet, he was bothered by the human depression that he saw around him everyday. Upon reflection, he deducted that desires was the root cause of all sufferings. This idea has been recorded as for "THE FOUR NOBLE TRUTHS".
• The Four Noble Truths

  • Life is full of pain and suffering.
  • Human desire causes his sufferings.
  • By putting and end to the desire, human can end suffering.
  • Humans can end desire by following the Eightfold Path.
• The Eightfold Path


  • Know that suffering is caused by desire.
  • Be selfless and love all life.
  • Do not lie, or speak without cause.
  • Do not kill, steal, or commit other and righteous acts.
  • Do not do things which promote evil.
  • Take effort to promote righteousness.
  • Be ware of one's physical action, state of mind, and emotions.
  • Learn to meditate.
• "Too cold, too hot, too late.": 'Excuses of those who doesn't want to work'
• "Develop the mind of equilibrium.": 'People will always be getting praise and blame, but do not let either affect the composer of the mind'
• practice of buddhism, work means to discover the world and give oneself wholeheartedly to it

  To discover the world and give oneself wholeheartedly to ito discover the world and give oneself wholeheartedly to it
• Work in Buddhism


  Valuable only in as much as it helps other people
• Every individual has a responsibility to help guide the global family in the right direction
• "Do not dwell in the past, do not dream for the future, concrete the mind on the present moment.": 'Living in the present is the most important'
• "One can only lose what you cling to.": 'Everyone should embrace change, change is everywhere. Nothing is permanent, and that adaptation and flexible uncertainty is vital to happiness and avoiding disappointment and suffering'
• "A jug fills drop by drop.": 'Things happen step-by-step, and that methodological little by little work is often superior to big splashes'
• Confucianism


  A philosophy developed by Confucius in China during the Chuo Dynasty, which stressed social order and mutual respect
• Five relationships in Confucianism

  • Ruler to ruled
  • Father to son
  • Older brother to younger brother
  • Husband to wife
  • Friend to friend
• Jen

  Human kindness should be shown towards one another
• Li


  Proper etiquette should always be used, and one should strive to achieve perfect virtue
• Filial piety


  One should respect elders
• Workplace decorum in Confucianism

  • Workers use completely different words when addressing superiors
  • An individual would use one word when speaking about a superior's action and a different when talking about their own
• Receiving a business card in Confucianism


  It is significant to get it with both hands and actually look at the card instead of quickly putting it in one's pocket
• Crisis in Confucianism


  A combination of danger and opportunity. Every crisis poses a potential opportunity, only if that danger is managed properly
• Guanxi


  Interpersonal relationship in business is extremely valuable. "You scratch my back, I'll scratch yours" - helping each other habitually and willingly
• Strategy and preparation in Confucianism


  Every business move implemented must come straight from the business strategy
• Success in Confucianism

  Either it's small or big gain, as long as it is not loss
• Taoism


  A Chinese philosophy which teaches that there is a natural and proper way of doing everything
• Yin-Yang

  A "way" in which it moves
• Taoism's belief

  When done properly, Taoist will receive peace and prosperity. When done incorrectly, there will be a chaos. So people should accept the proper way of nature, rather than opposed it
• Taoism's stress


  The connection of nature and people, which lessened the need for rules and order, and leads no one to a better understanding of the world