PROTOZOAN

• parasite are a live organisms having metabolic dependence on host
• parasitism is the relationship of the parasite living at the expense of the host
• Parasitic disease is also known as parasitosis

  it is an infectious disease caused or transmitted by a parasite​
• Infection is the invasion of an organism's body tissues by disease-causing agents
• Medical parasitology is the study and medical implications of parasites that infect humans
• Host is the organism in, or on, which the parasite lives and causes harm
• Protozoa are unicellular organisms
• Metazoa are multicellular organisms
• endoparasite is a parasite that lives within another living organism
• ectoparasite is a parasite that lives on the external surface of another living organism
• Definitive host is the organism in which the adult or sexually mature stage of  the parasite lives
• Intermediate host is the organism in which the parasite lives during a period of its development only
• Zoonosis is a parasitic disease in which an animal is normally the host - but which also infects man
• • Vector is a living carrier that transports a pathogenic organism from an infected to a non-infected host
• Ebers papyrus refers to intestinal worms and these records can be confirmed by the discovery of calcified helminth eggs in mummies 
• Hippocrates knew about worms from fishes, domesticated animals, and humans
• Hippocrates is the Father of Medicine
• Roman physicians: Celsus and Galen  were familiar with the human roundworms Ascaris lumbricoides and Enterobius vermicularis and tapeworms belonging to the genus Taenia.​
• Paulus Aegineta clearly described Ascaris, Enterobius, and tapeworms and gave good clinical descriptions of the infections they caused ​
• Leeuwenhoek observed and illustrated Giardia lamblia in 1681 and linked it to "his own loose stools"
• detailed anatomy of the ​worm was described, first by Edward Tyson​
• James Paget discovered the intestinal nematode, Trichinella spiralis in humans
• James Annersley described amoebiasis, protozoal infections of the intestines and the liver, though the pathogen  Entamoeba histolytica
• Friedrich Lösch discovered Entamoeba histolytica
• Francesco Redi, considered to be the father of modern parasitology, was the first to recognize and correctly describe details of many important parasites
• German parasitologist Karl Georg Friedrich Rudolf Leuckart discovered the alternation of generations involving parasitic and free-living phases.​
•  Patrick Manson discovered the life cycle of ​elephantiasis, caused by nematode worms ​transmitted by mosquitoes
• Giovanni Battista Grassi described the malaria parasite's life cycle stages in Anopheles mosquitoes​
• Friedrich Zenker recognized the clinical significance of the adult worms infection and concluded that humans became infected by eating raw pork.​
• Sir Ronald Ross was a British medical doctor who received the ​Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine for his work on the transmission of malaria​
• life cycle in humans and migration of the larval stages around the body was discovered by a Japanese pediatrician, Shimesu Koino​
• one of the deadliest parasites is the mosquito
• world's largest flowering plant, called Rafflesia
• Helminths are one of the leading causes of morbidity
• highest prevalence of parasites is ascaris with 1.5 billion
• protozoans detected in the blood are systemic
• protozoan Transmitted by the faecal-oral route and cause diarrhea​ are called intestinal
• Giardia lamblia, lives in the small intestine and results in malabsorption​
• Entamoeba histolytica may invade the colon and cause bloody diarrhea – amoebic dysentery. Also causes amoebic liver abscess.​
• Cryptosporidium parvum are more prevalent in the immunocompromised; can be transmitted to humans via fecal-oral route, resulting in diarrheal illnesses.​