Gender

• Oakley- FAMILY


  socialised into our gender norms in 4 ways:

  • manipulation
  • canalisation
  • verbal appellations
  • different activities
• Archer - FAMILY

  • family is important
  • respect for family features in muslim boys' masculinity
  • heterosexualism is key
  • Men = breadwinners
  • Women = taught to value family>education/careers
• Butler (eval for archer) - FAMILY

  • argues british asian muslim girls are increasingly pursuing higher education and careers
• Sharpe - WORKPLACE


  Feminine identity has become more focused on education & careers rather than marriage & family
• Mac an Ghaill - WORKPLACE

  men experiencing crisis of masculinity because of decline in manual labour

  • EVAL - emergence of new man means men are more in touch with their feminine side and are happy to share tasks such as childcare
• Willis - WORKPLACE

  • 'learning to labour'
  • w/c lads mess around because they know they'll end up as factory workers like their fathers
  • didnt value education
• Mac an Ghaill - EDUCATION

  • Schools encouraged hyper-masculinity. Those who did well at school labelled as "d*ckhead achievers." Macho lads focused on the 3F's:
  • fighting
  • football
  • f*cking
• Miller - PEER GROUPS

  Subcultural norms and values formed - FOCAL CONCERNS:

  • Fatalism
  • Excitement
  • Autonomy
  • Smartness
  • Trouble
  • Toughness
• Mulvey - MEDIA


  Male gaze - camera angles, characters, audience