Final Exam pt.2

• Concept of Citizenship in Rome

  • Adopted some concept of citizenship by the Greeks.
  • Patricians (nobles) actively participated in government activities
  • Plebeians (commoner) gave high regards to their rights
• Middle Ages - The concept of citizenship was based on their participation in the commercial and economic. Their privileges depends on their social status.
• Feudalism - Specifically between landlords and peasant.
• Feudalism - The concept of citizenship was based on their fealty to the lord.
• Renaissance - Citizenship means loyalty to the city-states they belong to. Depended on one's birth, but there are nations who grants foreigner citizenship if they underwent naturalization.
• French Revolution - The dominance of aristocracy and the royal family weakened the concept of citizenship.
• Present - People may participate and express their citizenship in different ways
• Article 15 of the Universal Declaration of human rights - states the legal basis of citizenship

  Article 4 of the Philippine constitution - defines Filipino citizenship
• Jus Sanguinis - citizenship by means of blood.
• Jus soli - citizenship based on ones birth
• Voluntary Revocation - swearing loyalty to another country
• Involuntary revocation - Court cancels one's naturalization
• Civic engagement - refers to individual and collective acts for the development of a community or nation.
• There are three inter-related concept on civic engagement
• 1. Knowledge and skills are necessary to effectively participate in civic engagement.
• Information needed: Awareness of rights and responsibilities of citizens
• Information needed: Awareness of rights and responsibilities of citizens
• Life skills needed:

  • Creative Thinking
  • Analytical Thinking
  • Decision Making
  • Finding solutions to problems
  • Communication
  • Interpersonal skills
  • Cooperation
  • Self-control
  • Respect
  • Responsibilities
• 2. Civic engagement covers a wide range of activities, and it includes, social, political, economic, cultural, and religious activities.
• 3. The benefits of civic engagement is both individual and collective
• civic engagement could be conducted either individually or by group
• Civic Education: In the context of democracy, it refers to the education of all citizens
• In producing honest and good citizens, we must give importance to the civic education
• Civic education is important because it informs the people of the objectives, goals, importance, and the principle of democracy.
• Democracy - Can only be achieve if people perform their tasks and responsibilities.
• Social change and transformation - can be achieved if every citizens has knowledge, skills, and will, which can be obtained through civic education.
• Political Socialization - This is the process where people acquire information, beliefs, and values related to:

  • Political system of the political unit they belong to
  • Their responsibilities as citizens or member of the political system
• Political Socialization - This is a process where people acquire information, beliefs, and values, related to:

  • The political system of the political unit they belong to
  • Their responsibilities as citizens or member of the political system
• Political Socialization - This is also the process of spreading political culture in society, which are the information, ideas, beliefs, and values.

  This is also the product between the interaction of:

  • Nations Political System (Macro Level)
  • Peoples Individual Political Activities (Micro Level)
• Macro Level - political socialization serves as the method wherein political organizations and institutions spread awareness and educate people of the appropriate standard and political activities.
• Macro Level - This answers the question where and how do political traditions and orientations change or enrich the existing political systems and institution in society.
• Micro Level - political socialization is composed of standards and processes in which individual partake in the development and learning of the political system and in strengthening relationships among political institutions.
• Micro Level - This answers the question why or how people become citizens.
• Political socialization can be both general and specific.
• General political socialization - Activities affect the decision making of the government
• Specific political socialization - refers to but not limited to, participation in elections, the formal process of electing people in government.
• The collective efforts of all sectors of society is a powerful for force towards political transformation and social development.
• Article 4 Section 1 of the 1987 Philippine Constitution states: Philippine Constitution states that suffrage may be exercised by all citizens of the Philippines not otherwise disqualified by law, at least 18 years of age, resided in the country for at least a year ,and resided where they propose to vote for at least 6 months
• Voter's 3Rs

  • Roles
  • Rights
  • Responsibilities
• Petitioner against Voters / Voting Records

  • Opposition
  • Inclusion
  • Exclusion
  • Annulment of book of voters