Cor 010

• Hydro-meteorological hazards


  Caused by extreme meteorological and climate events, such as floods, droughts, hurricanes, or landslides
• Hydro-meteorological hazards account for a dominant fraction of natural hazards and occur in all regions of the world, although the frequency and intensity of certain hazards and society's vulnerability to them differ between regions
• Hydrometeorology


  A branch of meteorology and hydrology that studies the transfer of water and energy between the land surface and the lower atmosphere
• Typhoon


  A low-pressure area rotating counter-clockwise and containing rising warm air that forms over warm water in the western Pacific Ocean
• Thunderstorm


  A weather condition that produces lightning and thunder, heavy rainfall cumulonimbus clouds, and possibly a tornado
• Thunderstorm


  • A violent local atmospheric disturbance accompanied by lightning, thunder, and heavy rain, often by strong gusts of wind, and sometimes by hail
• Flash flood


  An event that occurs within a short period, generally within 6 hours following the end of the causative event (such as heavy rains, ice jams, or dam breaks) which results in fatalities, injuries, and/ or significant property damage
• Flood


  An overflow of water onto normally dry land. It is an event that occurs 6 hours following the end of the causative event (such as heavy rains, ice jams, or dam breaks) which results in fatalities, injuries, and/ or significant property damage
• Flooding is a longer-term event than flash flooding: it may last days or weeks
• Storm surge


  A rise of seawater above normal sea level on the coast, generated by the action of weather elements such as cyclonic wind and atmospheric pressure
• El Nino


  Refers to the large-scale ocean-atmosphere climate interaction linked to periodic warming in sea surface temperatures across the central and east-central Equatorial Pacific
• Hydro-meteorological hazards


  Caused by extreme meteorological and climate events, such as floods, droughts, hurricanes, or landslides
• Hydro-meteorological hazards account for a dominant fraction of natural hazards and occur in all regions of the world, although the frequency and intensity of certain hazards and society's vulnerability to them differ between regions
• Hydrometeorology


  A branch of meteorology and hydrology that studies the transfer of water and energy between the land surface and the lower atmosphere
• Typhoon


  A low-pressure area rotating counter-clockwise and containing rising warm air that forms over warm water in the western Pacific Ocean
• Thunderstorm


  A weather condition that produces lightning and thunder, heavy rainfall cumulonimbus clouds, and possibly a tornado
• Thunderstorm


  • A violent local atmospheric disturbance accompanied by lightning, thunder, and heavy rain, often by strong gusts of wind, and sometimes by hail
• Flash flood


  An event that occurs within a short period, generally within 6 hours following the end of the causative event (such as heavy rains, ice jams, or dam breaks) which results in fatalities, injuries, and/ or significant property damage
• Flood


  An overflow of water onto normally dry land. It is an event that occurs 6 hours following the end of the causative event (such as heavy rains, ice jams, or dam breaks) which results in fatalities, injuries, and/ or significant property damage
• Flooding is a longer-term event than flash flooding: it may last days or weeks
• Storm surge


  A rise of seawater above normal sea level on the coast, generated by the action of weather elements such as cyclonic wind and atmospheric pressure
• El Nino


  Refers to the large-scale ocean-atmosphere climate interaction linked to periodic warming in sea surface temperatures across the central and east-central Equatorial Pacific
• La Nina


  Is sometimes referred to as the cold phases of ENSO and El Nino as the warm phases of ENSO. These deviations from normal surface temperatures can have large-scale impacts not only on ocean processes but also on global weather and climate
• Hazards


  Any source that can cause harm or damage to humans, property, or the environment
• Hydro-meteorological hazards


  • Tropical cyclones (typhoons and hurricanes)
  • Thunderstorms
  • Hailstorms
  • Tornadoes
  • Blizzards
  • Heavy snowfall
  • Avalanches
  • Coastal storm surges
  • Floods including flash floods
  • Droughts
  • Heatwaves
  • Cold spells
• Barograph


  A barometer within a writing arm that records barometric pressure, which rises and falls on a revolving scroll of paper
• Thermograph


  An instrument that measures and records both temperature and humidity
• Ceiling Light Projector


  An instrument that projects light beams to the clouds
• Clinometer


  An instrument that determines the height of the clods by measuring the distance of the cloud base to the ground
• Ceiling Balloon


  Also called a pilot ballot or pibal, a balloon filled with hydrogen or other gas lighter than air, is used to determine the height of the cloud base. This is done by measuring the time that the balloon disappears into the clouds from when it is released
• 1. inch Raingauge


  The inside diameter of the collector is exactly 8 inches above a funnel that conducts rain into a cylindrical measuring tube or receiver
• Theodolite


  An instrument that determines wind speed and direction. It is attached to a hydrogen-filled pilot balloon and is allowed to float in the atmosphere at different heights to reach its different levels
• Sling Psychrometer


  The sling psychrometer consists of a dry and wet-bulb thermometer. The term bulb refers to that portion of the glass tube where the mercury Is stored. The dry and wet bulbs are exactly alike in construction
• Radiosonde


  Measures temperature, pressure, and relative humidity in the atmosphere. A small instrument package suspended below a balloon filled with either hydrogen or helium
• Fire


  The rapid oxidation of a material (the fuel) in the exothermic chemical process of combustion, releasing heat, light, and various reaction products
• Fire is caused by the conversion of the weak double bond in molecular oxygen, O2, to the stronger bonds in the combustion products carbon dioxide and water, which releases energy (418 kJ per 32 g of O2); the bond energies of the fuel play only a minor role here. At a certain point in the combustion reaction, called the ignition point, flames are produced. The flames are the visible portion of the fire. Flames consist primarily of carbon dioxide, water vapor, oxygen, and nitrogen. If hot enough, the gases may become ionized to produce plasma
• Fire in its most common form can result in conflagration, which has the potential to cause physical damage through burning
• Fire triangle


  To produce fire, there must be three things present: 1) Fuel to burn, 2) Oxygen to aid in combustion, and 3) Heat to raise the fuel to its ignition point. Taking out any of the three components would mean that no fire will be produced

  
• Fire tetrahedron


  Modern research has made fire safety practitioners rethink and redefine the fire triangle to add another component, the chain of chemical reactions
• Fire is a process that involves rapid oxidation of objects at elevated temperatures which produces smoke, heat, and light