module 2

• splicing is a joining of two or more conductors together in a manner that results in a permanent electrical termination and mechanical bond.
• PLIERS it is used to bend and crimp wires, hold hot parts during soldering and help you set delicate components into place.
• SCREWDRIVER are essential for fastening circuit boards to project boxes and disassembling equipment for repairs.
• WIRE CUTTER it removes insulation from wires and cut them to different lengths.
• SOLDERING IRON is a pencil-shaped tool which uses a heating element to bring the tip to between 500 and 650 F, hot enough to melt electrical solder. To build permanent, reliable circuits, you need to solder connections between wires and components.
• MULTI-TESTER an electronic tester which measures voltage, current, resistance and other aspects of electricity and circuits. A multi tester has a knob, which selects the measurement function, and a pair of test leads for connecting the device to a circuit.
• EXTENTION CORD is a span of flexible electrical power cable with a plug on one end and multiple sockets on the other end. It comes in several varieties to suit the needs of the user. One of the most important considerations is the power handling capacity to make it safe and functional. Electrical gadgets are product of modern technology to make our life better.
• soldering - process of joining two or more electronic parts together by melting solder around the connection. Solder is a metal alloy and when it cools it creates a strong electrical bond between the parts. Even though soldering can create a permanent connection, it can also be reversed using a de-soldering tool as described below.
• A soldering iron is a hand tool that plugs into a standard 120v AC outlet and heats up in order to melt solder around electrical connections. This is one of the most important tools used in soldering and it can come in a few variations such as pen or gun form.
• A soldering station is a more advanced version of the basic standalone soldering pen. If you are going to be doing a lot of soldering, these are great to have as they offer more flexibility and control. The main benefit of a soldering station is the ability to precisely adjust the temperature of the soldering iron which is great for a range of projects. These stations can also create a safer workspace as some include advanced temperature sensors, alert settings and even password protection for safety.
• soldering irons is an interchangeable part known as a soldering tip. There are many variations of this tip and they come in a wide variety of shapes and sizes. Each tip is used for a specific purpose and offers a distinct advantage over another. The most common tips you will use in electronics projects are the conical tip and the chisel tip.
• Conical Tip – is used in precision electronics soldering because of the fine tip. Because of its pointed end, it’s able to deliver heat to smaller areas without affecting its surroundings.
• Chisel Tip – this tip is well-suited to soldering wires or other larger components because of its broad flat tip.
• BRASS OR CONVENTIONAL SPONGE Using a sponge will help to keep the soldering iron tip clean by removing the oxidation that forms. Tips with oxidation will tend to turn black and not accept solder as it did when it was new. You could use a conventional wet sponge, but this tends to shorten the lifespan of the tip due to expansion and contraction.
• soldering iron stand is very basic but very useful and handy to have. This stand helps prevent the hot iron tip from coming in contact with flammable materials or causing accidental injury to your hand. Most soldering stations come with this built in and also include a sponge or brass sponge for cleaning the tip.
• Solder is a metal alloy material that is melted to create a permanent bond between electrical parts. It comes in both lead and lead-free variations with diameters of .032″ and .062″ being the most common. Inside the solder core is a material known as flux which helps improve electrical contact and its mechanical strength.
• SPLICING electrical connection or joining of two or more wires that conduct electricity in a building.
• Western Union Short-tie Splice This is the most widely used splice or joint in interior wiring installation to extend the length of wire from one point to another.
• Western Union Long-tie Splice This is used extensively for outside wiring to extend the length of wire from one end to another.
• Y-Splice This method of wrapping is generally used on small cables because the strands are flexible, and all can be wrapped in one operation.
• Joining electrical power cables can be as simple as twisting the wires and taping them or more detailed using a variety of inline adapters and connectors.
• The Britannia joint - is a form of electrical joint used for bare overhead wires where great tensile strength is required.
• Straight joint - The copper wires are separated for a length of about 2 inches from the end, and carefully cleaned with emery cloth. The remainder of the exposed copper wires are twisted tightly together, and the central strand is cut out as close as possible to the point where the strands commence to separate.
• Tee Joint/Wrapped Tap - This is used on large solid conductors where it is difficult to wrap the heavy tap wire around the main wire.
• Rat Tail or Pig Tail - This kind of joint is commonly used to join two or more conductors inside the junction box. It is suitable for service where there is no mechanical stress when wires are to be connected in an outlet box, switch, or conduit fitting.
• Knotted tap - Joint all the splices discussed up to this point are known as butted splices. Each was made by joining the free ends of the conductors together. Sometimes, however, it is necessary to join a branch conductor to a continuous wire called the main wire. Such a junction is called a tap joint.
• Plain tap joint - This is used where the tap wire is under considerable tensile stress circuit.
• Aerial Tap - This is used as a temporary tap usually done in constructions sites. The easy twist will facilitate tap wire movement.
• Duplex cross joint - This is a two-tap wire turned simultaneously and is used where the two-tap wire is under heavy tensile stress.
• Cross Joint - The same application is done as in plain tap and the only difference is that this tap is a combination of two plain taps place side by side with each other.
• STEPS IN RAT TAIL JOINT 1. Strip the wire insulator at the ends of the conductor to be joined at about 50 mm. Clean both wires to be joined. 2. Place the two ends of bare wire in crossed position. 3. Then, twist the bare conductors about five to seven times
• STEPS IN WESTERN UNION LONG-TIE JOINT 1. Strip the wire ends for about 75 mm. 2. Place the wires in crossed position about mid halfway from the insulation. 3. Make four to six long twists of wires. 4. Wrap each side of the wire for about four to five turns as shown in figure 4.