cwts

• Peace


  Not the absence of war, nor the opposite of war. It is a perpetual weaving of warm, neighborly relations based on the human values and creativity of all sides to overcome difficulties, clashes, and one's own frustrations. It is a solid, enduring relationship of harmonious living together, based on respect, serenity, cordiality, and mutual understanding.
• Negative Peace


  The absence of violence or fear of violence
• Positive Peace


  The attitudes, institutions and structures that create and sustain peaceful societies. It is associated with better economic outcomes, measures of well-being, levels of inclusiveness and environmental performance.
• Levels of Peace


  • Personal
  • Interpersonal
  • Social/National
  • Global
• Personal Level Peace


  Development of inner harmony or inner integration characterized by self-respect, self-confidence, ability to cope with negative feelings, and developing positive attitudes.
• Interpersonal Level Peace


  Manifested by respect, concern for others, cooperation, and humility in relationships.
• Social/National Level Peace


  Addressing issues that affect society and its social, political, and economic components, such as social injustice.
• Global Level Peace


  Concerned with attaining issues that have global impact or scale, such as unfair trade relations, racial discrimination, terrorism, militarization, environmental degradation.
• Violence


  The intentional use of physical force or power, threatened or actual, against oneself, another person, or against a group or community, that either results in or has a high likelihood of resulting in injury, death, psychological harm, maldevelopment or deprivation.
• Categories of Violence


  • Direct/Physical Violence
  • Structural Violence
• Direct/Physical Violence


  Physical harm or damage caused by a person or group to another person or their property. It involves direct, intentional actions that cause immediate harm or injury.
• Structural Violence


  A form of harm or violence that is embedded in the social, economic, and political structures of a society. It results from systemic inequalities, discriminatory policies, and unequal distribution of resources that create conditions for harm and disadvantage certain groups of people.
• Culture of Peace


  Values, attitudes and behaviors that reject violence and endeavor to prevent conflicts by addressing their root causes with a view to solving problems through dialogue and negotiation among individuals, groups, and nations.
• Eight Action Areas of Culture of Peace


  • Fostering a culture of peace through education
  • Promoting sustainable economic and social development
  • Promoting respect for all human rights
  • Ensuring equality between women and men
  • Fostering democratic participation
  • Advancing understanding, tolerance, and solidarity
  • Supporting participatory communication and the free flow of information and knowledge
  • Promoting international peace and security
• Six Dimensions and Operative Values of Culture of Peace

  • Personal & Family Integrity
  • Human Rights and Democracy
  • Poverty Eradication
  • Intercultural Understanding & Solidarity
  • Disarmament & Cessation of Hostilities
  • Environmental Protection
• Peace Education


  An education that promotes a culture of peace, which is essentially transformative. It cultivates the knowledge base, skills, attitudes, and values that seek to transform people's behaviors that have either created or exacerbated violent conflicts.
• Knowledge or Content Areas of Peace Education

  • Holistic Concept of Peace
  • Conflict and Violence
  • Disarmament
  • Nonviolence
  • Conflict Resolution, Transformation and Prevention
  • Human Rights
  • Human Solidarity
  • Development Based on Justice
  • Democratization
  • Sustainable Development
• Attitudes and Values to be Cultivated in Peace Education

  • Self-respect
  • Respect for others
  • Respect for Life / Nonviolence
  • Gender Equality
  • Global Concern
  • Ecological Concern
  • Cooperation
  • Openness / Tolerance
  • Justice
  • Social Responsibility
• Skills to be Developed in Peace Education

  • Reflection
  • Critical Thinking and Analysis
  • Decision-making
  • Imagination
  • Communication
  • Conflict Resolution
• Types of Prejudice

  • Racism
  • Sexism
  • Heterosexism
  • Classism
  • Linguicism
  • Ageism
  • Lookism
  • Religious intolerance
• cognitive phase- beware aware and understanding
• affective phase- being concern. valuing and responding
• active phase- taking practical actions
• Racism: The belief that one’s own cultural or racial heritage is innately superior to that of the others, the lack of respect or appreciation for those who belong to a “different

  race”.
• Sexism: A system of attitudes, actions and institutional structures that subordinates women

  based on their sex.
• Heterosexism: Negative attitudes toward lesbian and gay men.
• Classism: Distancing from and perceiving the poor as “the other”.
• Linguicism

  Negative attitudes members of dominant language groups hold against nondominant

  groups.
• Ageism

  Negative attitudes held against the young and elderly.
• Lookism: Prejudice against those who do not measure up to set standards of beauty.
• Religious Intolerance: Prejudice against those who are followers of religions other than one’s own.
• Culture of Peace: Six dimensions and operative vales

  1.      Spirituality: family and integrity

  2.      Justice: human rights and democracy

  3.      Compassion: poverty eradication

  4.      Dialogue: intercultural understanding and solidarity

  5.      Active non-violence: disarmament and cessation of hostilities

  6.      Stewardship: environmental protection