HUMN02G-Midterms

• Elements of Art


  The components or parts which can be isolated & defined in any visual design or work of art. They structure and carry the work.
• Seven basic elements of art

  • Point/Mark
  • Line
  • Shape
  • Form
  • Space
  • Color
  • Texture
• Point/Mark


  The smallest and most basic element. It can vary in size, value, regularity or irregularity, and can be used alone as a unit in a group. Marks can be used to form a value or pattern, or to delineate space.
• Line


  A form with width and length, but no depth. Artists use lines to create edges, the outlines of objects. The direction of a line can convey mood.
• Types of lines


  • Horizontal
  • Vertical
  • Diagonal
  • Broken or jagged
  • Curved
• Shape


  An area that stands out from the space next to or around it due to a defined or implied boundary, or because of differences of value, color, or texture. Shapes have two dimensions, length and width and can be geometric or free-form.
• Form


  Describes volumes and mass, or the 3D aspects of objects that take up space. Forms can and should be viewed from any angles.
• Space


  A 3D volume that can be empty or filled with objects. It has width, height, and depth. Space that appears three-dimensional in a 2D painting is an illusion that creates a feeling of actual depth.
• Color


  Has three properties: Hue (the name of the colors), Value (lightness or darkness of hue), and Intensity (the purity of the hue also known as "Chroma").
• Examples of color meanings

  • Black - Death, despair, gloom, sorrow
  • Blue - Infinity, Freedom, Calmness
  • Brown - Humility
  • Green - Nature, Freshness, Prosperity, Hope, Money
  • Orange - Sweetness, Cheerfulness
  • Pink - Femineity, love
  • Red - Bravery, Energy, Passion, War, Warm
  • Violet - Royalty, Dull
  • White - Purity, Clarity, Simplicity, Virginity, Peace
  • Yellow - Joyful, Life, Vibrant, Sunshine, Happiness
• Texture


  The element of the visual arts associated with the sense of touch. Texture refers to the surface quality, both simulated and actual, of artwork.
• Principles of Design


  The artistic guidelines used to organize or arrange the structural elements of art.
• Six basic principles of effective design/art

  • Balance
  • Contrast
  • Emphasis
  • Pattern
  • Rhythm/Movement
  • Unity
• Balance


  The appropriate arrangement of objects in a design/art to create the impression of equality in weight or importance. Balance provides stability and structure to a design. It may be symmetrical and asymmetrical, but the goal should be to achieve equilibrium.
• Contrast


  The combination of different elements of design (for example: rough & smooth textures, dark & light values) in order to highlight their differences or create visual interest, or a focal point.
• Emphasis


  Giving special attention to one part of a work of art, which can be achieved through placement, contrast, colour, size, repetition, etc.
• Pattern


  A regular arrangement of alternated or repeated elements (shapes, lines, colors) or motifs in a design.

  
• Rhythm/Movement


  A visual tempo or beat, referring to a regular repetition of elements to produce the look and feel of a movement. It can be categorized as Random, Regular, Alternating, Progressive, and Flowing.
• Unity


  The arrangement of elements to give the viewer the feeling that all the parts of the design or piece form a coherent whole, where all sections make other sections feel complete.
• Stone Age


  A period of history when stones were used to make tools for survival.
• Prehistoric Art


  Artworks created during the Stone Age, which show a gradual shift from a nomadic lifestyle to permanent settlements and the rise of early civilizations.
• Paleolithic Art


  Art produced during the Paleolithic period, which is considered a product of climate change.
• Neolithic Art


  Art that developed especially when life for the early humans became more stable.
• Periods of Egyptian Art

  • Old Kingdom - religion bound to the afterlife
  • Middle Kingdom - shift in political hierarchy, art took a back seat
  • New Kingdom - references from preceding kingdoms, still linked with death and reverence for the deceased
• Amarna Revolution


  Led by King Akhenaton and Queen Nefertiti, occurred after the New Kingdom period in Egypt.
• Periods of Ancient Greek Art

  • Geometric Period - focus on geometric shapes and patterns
  • Archaic Period - importance on human figures
  • Classical Period - peak of sculpture and architecture
  • Hellenistic Period - focus on emotions and depicting reality
• Ancient Roman Art


  Fusion of Greek and Roman cultures
• Middle Ages Art


  Most important products were copies of the Christian scriptures
• Renaissance Art


  Artists valued the "individual" as a subject, emphasized naturalism and the proportionality of the human body
• Mannerism


  A period in art history that was a product of the Renaissance, where artists observed nature and tried to emulate it based on their observations
• Baroque Art


  A response to Protestantism, characterized by irregularity and grandeur
• Neoclassicism


  A movement that aimed to revive and rekindle the influences of Greek and Roman art and architecture
• Romanticism


  An art movement that used the central themes of Neoclassicist artworks as a springboard, highlighting heroic elements
• Realism


  A style of work that focuses on the accuracy of details that depicts and mirrors reality, veering away from traditional forms of art
• Impressionism


  A style of painting that emerged in the mid- to late 1800s, incorporating scientific principles to achieve a more distinct representation of color
• Post-Impressionism


  An art movement that emerged in France, which is a result of both the influence and rejection of Impressionism