PE AND HEALTH

• Dodgeball was first seen in the tribes in Africa. It is a game that aims to strengthen the tribesmen's unity in working together, improving strategy, and being on each other's guard when one is wounded.
• Large stones were used to hit their opponents, which may cause injury or get the opponent killed. When the original form of the game was witnessed by a missionary named James H. Carlisle
• the nature of dodgeball was to eliminate the opponents by hitting them with balls. The opponents, on the other hand, will avoid or "dodge" the balls thrown at them
• The playing field or court shall be rectangular, at least 15.24 meters long and 9 meters wide. the court is divided into two equal sections by a center line. the attack line should be three meters from, and parallel to, the center line
• Outdoor recreation or outdoor activity - refers to recreation done outside, most commonly in natural settings.
• Forest activities:

  • camping
  • orienteering
  • bird watching
  • tree climbing
  • going to adventure park
• Family activities:

  • going to amusement parks
  • going to a safari park
  • picnicking
• Cultural and historical activities:

  • visiting indigenous cultural centers
  • visiting museums
• Freshwater activities:

  • Canoeing
  • whitewater rafting
  • angling/fly fishing
• Beach and Sea activities:

  • snorkeling
  • scuba diving
  • boat fishing
  • surfing
  • sea kayaking
• Watersports:

  • water polo
  • windsurfing
  • surfing
  • Swimming
  • High diving
  • Synchronized swimming
  • Rowing
  • Dragon boat racing
• Injury is categorized based on the intent to harm. Unintentional injuries means that there is no intention to harm or inflict harm on a person. Intentional Injuries happen when the person deliberately harms himself or herself or other people
• Self-inflicted - when a person harms himself/herself on purpose
• Assault - when a person/persons harm others on purpose
• suicide - is death caused by injuring oneself with the intent to die. A suicide attempt is when someone harms themselves with any intent to end their life, but they do not die as a result of their actions.
• Parasuicide - defined as any non-fatal, self-injurious behavior with a clear intent to cause bodily harm or death.
• Domestic violence - violence committed by someone in the victim's domestic circle. the term domestic violence is used when there is a close relationship between the offender and the victim
• bullying - unwanted, aggressive behavior among school-aged children, that involves a real or perceived power imbalance.
• Types of bullying

  • verbal
  • social
  • physical
  • cyber
• stalking - a pattern of behavior that makes you feel afraid, nervous, harassed, or in danger. it is when someone repeatedly contacts you and follows you.
• extortion - the act of using force or threats to force people to hand over their money or properties for favors.
• gang - a mostly street-based group of young people who regard themselves and may be seen by others as a group that engages in a range of criminal activity and violence.
• kidnapping - taking away or forcefully moving a person against his/her will and holding him/her in just captivity
• terrorism - use of violence for political goals and putting the public of a great number of people in fear
• verbal abuse - type of emotional abuse. it is when someone uses their words to assault, dominate, ridicule, manipulate, and/or degrade another person and negatively impact that person's psychological health. Verbal abuse is a means of controlling and maintaining power over another person
• Mountain activities:

  • Trekking
  • Rock climbing
  • Mountain biking
  • Canyoning
• Risk factors of intentional injuries are contributing factors that increase the chance of an individual to do violence upon himself or herself and on other peopl
• Protective factors promote health and focus more on the intervention or prevention.
• Buffer protection - something or someone that helps protect from harm
• Intervention - one way to prevent or manage intentional injuries
• RISK FACTORS

  • Access to firearms
  • History of interpersonal violence
  • Alcohol abuse
  • Mental illness
  • Poverty
• Protective Factors

  • Positive Attitudes, Values Or Beliefs
  • Conflict Resolution Skills
  • Good Mental, Physical, Spiritual And Emotional Health
  • Positive Self-esteem.
  • Success At School
  • Good Parenting Skills
  • Parental Supervision
  • Strong Social Support
• Risk Factors With Juvenile Crime

  • Failure in School - manifests itself at an early age
  • Family Problems - Includes a history of a criminal activity in the family
  • Substance Abuse
  • Pattern Behaviors and Conduct Problems
  • Gang Membership and Gun Possession
• • Verbal Bullying - teasing name-calling threatening to cause harm.
• Social bullying - can also called relational bullying. Bullies intends to harm the victims reputation or social standing
• Physical bullying - act done by physically hurt the person’s body or damage his/ her possession
• Cyber bullying - using technology to inflict harm to the victim. Spreading embarrassing pictures, spreading rumors online, sending threats through emails.
• Code of conduct:

  • Understand and respect the rules of the game
  • Respect the judgement of the officials
  • Respect your opponents, and respect the results of the game
  • Be courteous and maintain self-control
  • Refrain from using foul or abusive language
• Dodgeball has a minimum of two players and a maximum of six players
• a "live" ball is the ball inside the court that has not touched anything else yet.