Industrial

• Edward Jenner

  Invented vaccination with cowpox to cure people who suffered with smallpox and saved 530 million lives
• James Simpson (Sleepy Simpson)

  Discovered the anaesthetic properties of chloroform and used it for surgeries to prevent pain
• John Snow

  Discovered cholera in the water pumps in London
• Edward Chadwick

  • His writings led to the Public Health Act of 1848 in which the government began to acknowledge some responsibility for upholding the health of the population
  • They started to clean streets and sewers for better hygiene
• Florence Nightingale

  Focused on cleaning and washing hands to prevent germs in hospitals
• Louis Pasteur

  Discovered germ theory. Germ theory is that microorganisms and pathogens cause illness and disease
• John Snow

  He took the handle of one of the water pumps people were using in an area of London where cases were the highest and people stopped getting sick. This encouraged the government to invest in a new sewage system.
• Robert Koch


  Took Pasteur's ideas further and identified the bacteria that were causing diseases
• Robert Koch discovered the bacteria that caused tuberculosis in 1882
• Cholera


  Caused severe diarrhoea and sickness so people would die within 2-6 days of dehydration
• Cholera arrived

  1831
• By 1832 there were 5275 deaths from cholera
• Cowpox virus


  After being infected, the body gains the ability to recognize the similar smallpox virus from its antigens and is able to fight the smallpox disease much more efficiently
• Joseph Lister


  • Discovered antiseptic, carbolic acid, which disinfects wombs to prevent infections which would usually kill the patient
  • Learnt how to clean tools that people used for surgery to prevent infection