bio paper 1

Subdecks (1)

Cards (176)

  • Active transport
    The movement of substances from a more dilute solution to a more concentrated solution (against a concentration gradient) with the use of energy from respiration
  • Adult stem cell
    A type of stem cell that can form many types of cells
  • Agar jelly
    A substance placed in petri dishes which is used to culture microorganisms on
  • Cell differentiation
    The process where a cell becomes specialised to its function
  • Cell membrane
    A partially permeable barrier that surrounds the cell
  • Cell wall
    An outer layer made of cellulose that strengthens plant cells
  • Chloroplast
    An organelle which is the site of photosynthesis
  • Chromosomes
    DNA structures that are found in the nucleus which are made up of genes
  • Concentration gradient
    The difference in concentration between two areas
  • Diffusion
    The spreading out of the particles of any substance in solution, or particles of a gas, resulting in a net movement from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration
  • Embryonic stem cell

    A type of stem cell that can differentiate into most types of human cells
  • Eukaryotic cell
    A type of cell found in plants and animals that contains a nucleus
  • Magnification
    How much bigger an image appears compared to the original object
  • Meristematic cells
    A type of stem cell that can differentiate into any type of plant cell
  • Mitochondria
    An organelle which is the site of respiration
  • Mitosis
    A type of cell division which produces two genetically identical daughter cells from one parent cell
  • Nucleus
    An organelle found in most eukaryotic cells that contains the genetic material of the cell and controls the activities of the cell
  • Organelle
    A specialised structure found inside a cell
  • Osmosis
    The diffusion of water from a dilute solution to a concentrated solution through a partially permeable membrane
  • Plasmid
    Loops of DNA found in the cytoplasm of prokaryotic cells
  • Prokaryotic cell
    A type of cell found in bacteria that does not contain a nucleus
  • Resolution
    The ability to distinguish two different points in a specimen
  • Specialised cells
    Cells that are adapted to perform a specific function
  • Stem cell
    An undifferentiated cell that can divide to produce many specialised cells of the same type
  • Surface area
    The amount of contact an object has with its environment
  • Surface area to volume ratio (SA:V)
    The size of the object compared with the amount of area where it contacts its environment
  • The cell cycle
    A series of stages preparing the cell for division
  • Therapeutic cloning

    Producing an embryo that has the same genes as a patient
  • Vacuole
    An organelle that stores cell sap
  • Amylase
    An enzyme produced in the salivary glands and pancreas that breaks carbohydrates down into simple sugars
  • Aorta
    The main artery that takes oxygenated blood away from the heart to the body
  • Artery
    A blood vessel that carries blood at high pressure away from the heart
  • Benign tumour
    An abnormal cell growth that is contained within one area and does not invade other areas of the body
  • Bile
    A substance made in the liver and stored in the gallbladder which is used to neutralise stomach acid in the intestine and emulsify fats
  • Blood
    A tissue containing red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets and plasma
  • Cancer
    A non-communicable disease caused by changes in the cell that lead to uncontrolled growth and division
  • Capillary
    A very thin blood vessel that is used for exchange of substances
  • Cell
    The basic building block of all living organisms
  • Communicable disease
    A disease that can be spread between individuals either directly or indirectly
  • Coronary heart disease
    A disease caused by the buildup of fatty deposits inside the coronary artery, narrowing it and reducing blood flow to the heart tissue