External Factors

• cultural capital


  the knowledge, habits, and tastes learned from parents and family that individuals can use to gain access to scarce and valuable resources in society
• What does selection my morgage mean?

  Best schools- can afford to live there or pay
• Bourdieu

  The middle class are more equipped to meet the demands of the school curriculum
• Bordieu


  Educational, economic and culture all convert into one another
• Material deprivation meaning


  Lack of money for basic resources, housing and food
• Material deprivation - housing


  Small houses = less private space for education

  More likely for accidents to occur, affects time at school
• Material deprivation-Diet and health

  Howard - lower intake of vitamins= poor nutrients= more likely to get ill= more time off school
• Cultural deprivation


  Inadequate socialisation in the home.
• Bernstein


  Speech codes - restricted and elaborated
• Feinstein


  Agrees with Douglas and says educated parents are more likely to put emphasis on their child's education
• Douglas


  Parental attitude

  - education is less valued

  - less interested so don't push their kids
• Sugarman


  We have different values

  -fatalism : an acceptance of one’s situation and a belief that one’s lot in life could not be changed

  -present time orientation: a focus on the present and lack of desire to plan for the future.

  -immediate gratification: a focus on seeking pleasure in the moment, rather than delaying pleasure for future reward

  
  

  -collectivism: loyalty to the group, rather than the individual aspiration which the education system demands
• Hubbs-Tait et al


  Parents that push their kids improve the child's cognitive performance
• Evaluation

  Niel keddie- culturally different not deprived

  Blackstone and mortimote- work limited wc parents

  Troy and Williams- the problem is not the child's language but the school attitude towards it