Pe paper 1

• Explain why ATP plays. Major role in the performance of a smash shot in badminton

  1.provides immediate release of energy

  2. Provides energy for explosive moments
• topspin 


  shortens flight path
• backspin


  lengthens flight path
• Explosive strength is the ability to generate a maximal amount of force from a series of rapid concentrations.
• static strength


  force is applied against a resistance without movement occuring
• Types of strength


  • Static
  • Dynamic
  • Maximum
  • Explosive
  • Elastic
  • Strength endurance
• Static strength


  Force is applied against a resistance without movement occurring (isometric contraction)
• Dynamic strength


  Force is applied against a resistance with movement occurring; also known as power output
• Maximum strength


  The ability to produce a maximal amount of force in a single muscular contraction, e.g. 1 RM (repetition maximum)
• Explosive strength


  The ability to produce a maximal amount of force in one or a series of rapid muscular contractions
• Strength endurance


  Strength The ability to sustain repeated muscular contractions over a period of time
• Factors that affect strength

  • Fibre type
  • Gender
  • Age
• Expected strength


  • Greater for fast-twitch fibres
  • Greater for males
  • Peaks at 25 years, decreases thereafter
• The type of muscle fibre affects the force production of the muscle
• Methods of evaluating strength

  • One repetition maximum test
  • Grip strength dynamometer
  • UK abdominal curl test
  • Vertical jump test
• One repetition maximum test

  • Direct measurement
  • Easy procedure
  • Can test most muscle groups
• Grip strength dynamometer


  • Simple and objective measure
  • Inexpensive equipment
  • High reliability
• UK abdominal curl test


  • Can isolate abdominal muscles
  • Valid and reliable
  • Can calculate power output
• Vertical jump test


  • Easy test
  • Minimal equipment
  • Can test yourself
• Disadvantages of strength evaluation methods

  • Difficulty isolating individual muscles
  • Potential for injury
  • Only assesses forearm muscles
  • Requires good technique
  • Safety concerns
  • Affected by subject motivation
• Strength training methods


  • 1RM training
  • Hypertrophy training
  • Muscular endurance training
  • Plyometric training
• 1RM training


  • 85-99% of 1RM
  • 1-5 reps
  • 3-6 sets
• Hypertrophy training


  • 75-89% of 1RM
  • 6-10 reps
  • 4-6 sets
• Muscular endurance training


  • 50-75% of 1RM
  • 15-20 reps
  • 3-4 sets
• Plyometric training


  • Develops explosive strength
  • Can be sport-specific
• Explain energy continuum

  Relative contribution of each energy system

  depends on duration and intensity of activity
• chronic injury 


  occurs over a period of time

  due to overuse
• acute injury 


  sudden and traumatic injury

  causing a fracture
• adaptations of flexibility training

  delay stretch reflex

  increased resting length of connective tissue
• HIIT

  • period of high itensity followed by a period of low intensity
  • 2:1
  • high intensity 75% of max HR
  • low intensity is 40% max hr
  • e.g running or resistace training
  • 30 minutes
  • more effective training than continuous training
  • faster adaptations
  • quicker sessions