Anaphy Laboratory

• Microscope -instrument used in laboratories to visualize very minute objects
• Microscope

  - made up of lenses for magnification - will magnify the specimen according to its focal length
• 1590 - first compound microscope
• 1655 - Robert Hooke

  • pore skin in cork
• Cork = cells
• Anton Van Leeuwenhoek

  • first person to see cell

  • offer the ability to see great detail objects
• Base

  • support the microscope
• Arm

  • hold the microscope
• Stage

  • place of specimen
• Stage clip

  • holds the specimen
• Axial skeleton


  • Skull
  • Spinal column
• Appendicular skeleton


  • Limb • girdles
• Bones functions

  • Support the body
  • Protection of vital organs
  • Movement due to attached skeletal muscles
  • Storage of minerals and fats
  • Blood cell formation
• Types of bone tissue

  • Compact bone
  • Spongy bone
• Compact bone


  • Homogeneous
• Spongy bone


  • Many open spaces
  • Small needle-like pieces of bone
• Pillar


  Vertical structure that holds the microscope head
• Head


  Contains the eyepiece(s) and objective lenses
• Eyepiece(s)


  Lens(es) you look through to view the specimen
• Objective Lenses


  Lenses that magnify the specimen
• Draw Tube


  Allows for adjustment of the distance between the eyepiece(s) and the objective lens(es)
• Revolving nosepiece : holds the objective lenses
• Course focus knob : used for initial rough focusing
• Fine focus knob : used for precise focusing
• Scanning objective : low magnification

  4x
• Low power objective

  10x
• High power objective

  40x
• Oil immersion : used in microbiology

  100x
• MECHANICAL PARTS

  base

  pillar

  arm

  stage

  stage clip

  draw tube

  revolving nose piece

  course focus knob

  fine focus knob
• OPTICAL PARTS

  eye piece

  scanning objective

  low power objective

  high power objective

  oil immersion objective
• ILLUMINATING PARTS

  illuminator

  mirror

  substage

  iris diaphragm

  condenser
• Here are the basic rules when using the microscope in a real laboratory setting:

  • Always carry with 2 hands

  • Never touch the lenses with your fingers.

  • Only use lens paper for cleaning

  • Do not force knobs

  • Keep objects clear of desk and cords

  • When you are finished with your "scope", rotate the nosepiece so that it's on the low power objective, roll the stage down to lowest level, rubber band the cord, then replace the dust cover.
• 1. Scanning -> use coarse knob

  2. Low power -> use coarse knob

  
  

  3. High power -> use fine knob
• Focusing specimen :

  1. Always start with the scanning objective
  2. Switch to low power
  3. To high power
• Parts of skeletal system :

  bones

  joints

  cartilage

  ligaments

  tendons
• Ligaments: bone - bone
• Tendons: bone - muscle
• 206 - adult bones

  300 to 350 - child bones
• Long - bones are longer than they are wide
• Short - usually square in shape, cube like