Chemistry paper 1

• Reactivity series


  Metals vary in their reactivity as some donate their electrons more readily than others
• Reactivity series


  • Hydrogen
  • Carbon
  • Most common metals
• More reactive metal


  Displaces a less reactive metal from a compound
• Alkali metals


  React with water, displacing hydrogen
• Extracting metals from ores

  1. Any metal less reactive than carbon can be displaced by it

  2. This is called smelting

  3. The oxide has been reduced
• Oxidation and reduction


  Oxidation is loss of electrons, reduction is gain of electrons
• Metals more reactive than hydrogen


  Can displace it from an acid
• Alkalis


  Have a pH greater than 7, react with acids less than 7 to produce a salt and water
• Salts


  Dissolved in water, ions partially dissociate
• Obtaining solid crystals of a dissolved salt

  Warm gently to evaporate water
• pH scale


  Logarithmic scale base 10, not linear
• Strong acid


  Dissociates or ionizes completely in solution
• Weak acid


  Only partially dissociates in solution
• pH of an acid

  Depends on both its strength and concentration
• Titration


  1. Used to deduce the concentration of an acid or alkali

  2. Measure known volume of alkali, add acid of unknown concentration until neutralisation occurs
• Titrations are only for triple
• Electrolysis of molten ionic compounds

  1. Positive metal ions (cations) move to negatively charged electrode (cathode) and are reduced

  2. Negative ions (anions) move to positive electrode (anode) and are oxidized
• Electrolysis of ionic solutions

  Less reactive ion is reduced at cathode, more reactive ion stays in solution
• GCSE Biology Paper 1 Topics

  • Cell Biology
  • Organisation
  • Infection and Response
  • Bioenergetics
  • Biology Paper 1 Required Practicals
• GCSE Biology Paper 2 Topics

  • Homeostasis
  • Inheritance
  • Variation and Evolution
  • Ecology
  • Biology Paper 2 Required Practicals
• GCSE Chemistry Paper 1 Topics

  • Atomic Structure and the Periodic Table
  • Structure and Bonding
  • Quantitative Chemistry
  • Chemical Changes
  • Energy Changes
  • Chemistry Paper 1 Required Practicals
• GCSE Chemistry Paper 2 Topics

  • Rates of Reaction
  • Organic Chemistry
  • Chemical Analysis
  • The Atmosphere
  • Resources
  • Chemistry Paper 2 Required Practicals
• GCSE Physics Paper 1 Topics

  • Energy
  • Electricity
  • Particle Model of Matter
  • Atomic Structure and Radioactivity
  • Physics Paper 1 Required Practicals
• GCSE Physics Paper 2 Topics

  • Forces
  • Waves
  • Magnetism
  • Space Physics
  • Physics Paper 2 Required Practicals
• 1. Level Biology Topics


  • Cell Structure
  • Biological Molecules
  • DNA, RNA and Protein Synthesis
  • Enzymes
  • Cell Membranes and Movement of Substances
  • Cell Division
  • Exchange and Transport in Animals
  • Exchange and Transport in Plants
  • Immunity and Disease
  • Classification and Evolution
  • Biodiversity
  • Year 13 Respiration
  • Year 13 Photosynthesis
  • Year 13 The Nervous System
• 1. Level Chemistry Topics


  • Atoms and Electrons
  • Calculating Moles
  • Chemical Bonding
  • Redox Reactions
  • Enthalpy
  • Organic Chemistry
  • The Periodic Table
  • Reaction Kinetics and Equilibria
  • Qualitative Analysis
  • Year 13 Benzene and Benzene Compounds
  • Year 13 Aldehydes and Ketones
• This video looks at the required practical on making soluble salts, specifically making copper sulfate and producing crystals of the product