GenSoc Lesson 4

• Stereotype


  An "over-generalized belief about a particular group or class of people" (Cardwell, 1996)
• Prejudice


  An unjustified or incorrect attitude (usually negative) towards an individual based solely on the individual's membership of a social group (McLeod, 2008)
• Discrimination


  Actions or behaviors towards an individual or a group of people that involve some form of exclusion or rejection
• Article I of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) states that "all human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights."
• The UDHR was drafted by member countries of the United Nations, including the Philippines, in 1948.
• Alan Turing

  He is the father of modern computing. He was convicted in 1952 of "Gross Indecency", and during his life, homosexuality was a criminal offence?
• The ABC's of the LGBTQIA+


  • Lesbian
  • Gay
  • Bisexual
  • Transgender
  • Queer
  • Intersex
  • Asexual/Ally
  • Plus +
• Androgynous


  One who has both masculine and feminine characteristics
• Gender Identity


  Deeply-held inner feelings of whether you're female or male, both, or neither
• Gender Expression


  How a person publicly expresses or presents their gender
• Sexual Orientation


  It is a motional, romantic, or sexual attraction that a person feels toward another person
• Cisgender


  Individuals whose gender identity matches the sex they were assigned at birth
• Non-binary


  Does not identify as exclusively male or female
• China (600 BCE)


  they use the terms ‘pleasure of the bitten peach’ and ‘brokeback’
• Japan


  they have ‘shudo’ (the way of adolescent boys) or ‘nanshoku’ (male eroticism)
• Thailand


  ‘Kathoey’ is used in Thailand to refer lady boys.
• Philippines


  ‘babaylan’ and the ‘catalonan’ who were mostly women priests, but some are males who lived as women
• Greek


  all males are expected to take on a younger male lover in a practice called pederasty.
• Native Americans


  accepted and celebrated what they called ‘two-spirited’ person in a dance to the ‘Berdache’.
• Abrahamic Religion


  see it a "sin"
• Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, Queer, Intersex, Asexual/Ally, Plus+-


  The ABC’s of the LGBTQIA+
• FTM


  female to male
• MTF


  male to female
• FTM, MTF, Crossdressing, Drag kings and queens, Gender queer


  These are sexualities under the transgender umbrella
• The Transitioning Process


  When a person realizes that he or she may be transgender, psychologist can guide the person through the transition especially when a person wants to go through permanent changes like sex reassignment surgery.
• The Myth of Male Power: Why are Men the Disposable Sex?


  The work of Warren Farrell in 1994
• Men’s Rights Lobby


  Refers to a movement that advocates for issues and rights that primarily affect men. This movement addresses concerns such as father's rights in custody battles, male victims of domestic violence, male reproductive rights, and societal expectations of masculinity.
• Multiple Masculinity


  Different cultures and different periods of history, construct masculinity differently. It is a concept within gender studies and sociology that recognizes the diversity and fluidity of masculinity.
• Hegemony


  is a concept in gender studies that refers to the dominant form of masculinity within a particular cultural context or society. In many societies, hegemonic masculinity often includes traits such as strength, toughness, assertiveness, dominance, and emotional restraint.
• Hierarchy


  plays a role in the construction and maintenance of hegemonic masculinity by reinforcing certain traits and behaviors as more valued or superior to others.
• Collective Masculinities


  Gender structures of a society define particular patterns of conduct of individuals as either “masculine” or “feminine”.
• Family formation, fathering, caregiving, and domestic roles


  Domestic roles are closely associated with women as carrying them out can involve a loss of face for men. Great deal was heard about increases in women’s labor force participation in recent decades but less about men’s caregiving and domestic roles.
• Caring Masculinity


  acknowledges that traditional gender roles often restrict men from expressing vulnerability or engaging in caregiving activities, reinforcing harmful stereotypes that equate masculinity with dominance, aggression, and emotional detachment. This concept seeks to break down these stereotypes and encourage men to embrace a more holistic and compassionate understanding of masculinity.
• Masculinities and alcohol and drug use


  When more mend drink than women; and men drink more than women (Room et al. 2002).
• Protest Masculinity


  is a form of marginalized masculinity which picks up themes of hegemonic masculinity in the society at large but reworks them in a context of poverty. It involves men engaging in activism or protest actions to challenge existing power structures, social injustices, or inequalities (Connel 2005).
• The APA defines transgender as “an umbrella term for persons whose gender identity, gender expression, or behavior does not conform to that typically associated with the sex to which they were assigned at birth.”