aicraft basic

• high wing airplanes

  give a better view of the ground
• low wing airplanes

  give a better view of the sky
• tricycle landing gear

  nose wheel under the engine compartment
• what are the primary controls

  1. ailerons
  2. rudder
  3. elevators
• what do the ailerons do?

  roll airplane around the longitidual axis
• what do elevators do

  control pitch of the nose
• what do rudders do

  yaw nose left or right
• what are the secondary flight controls

  flaps, spoilers, trim systems
• what do flaps do

  allow an increase in the angle of descent without increasing airspeeds
• what do trim systems do

  relieve the pilot from having to hold constant force on the controls
• where is the trim tab usually locate

  trailing edge of the elevator
• if you move the wheel to nose up what does the trim do

  moves down
• if you move the wheel nose down what does the trim do

  moves up
• does the entire surface move up for a stabilator

  yes
• what is stability

  the inherent quality of an airplane to correct for conditions that may disturb its equilibrium and to return or continue on its original flight path
• what is maneuverability?

  the quality of an aircraft that permits it to be easily maneuvered by the pilot and to withstand the stresses imposed by the maneuvers
• what is controllability

  the capability of an aircraft to respond to the pilot's control inputs, especially with regard to flight path and attitude
• stability and maneuverability are

  inversely proportional
• high maneuverable airplanes are generally

  less stable
• very stable airplanes are generally

  less maneuverable
• an inherently stable airplanes is easier to

  control because it return to its original condition after being disturbed
• longitudinal stability is stability

  about the lateral axis
• airplanes are designed to pitch down in the absence of controls


  to keep air moving over the wings which is a key component of airplanes controllability
• where is the CG to make an airplane go nose down

  located in front of the CL
• the location of the CG with respect to the CL determines an airplane's

  determines an airplanes longitudinal stability
• when cg moves aft what happens to the airplane

  becomes less and less stable
• what happens with an excessive cg

  can make stall recovery very difficult or impossible
• what is vx

  best angle of climb (greatest altitude gain in the shortest horizontal distance) (used to clear obstacles)
• what is vy

  best rate of climb(greatest altitude gain the the shortest time)(takes up more horizontal distance)
• what is vfe

  max flaps extended speed
• vne

  never exceed speed
• what info is in POH/AFM

  airplanes operation, systems, checklists for normal operations and emergencies
• what info is in chart supplement


  data about airport you will visit in Airport Flight Directory section

  has airport operations

  runway length

  field elevation

  radio frequencies
• AC

  Advisory Circular
• AC 60

  Airmen
• AC 70

  airspace
• AC 90

  air traffic and operating rules
• what are spoilers

  high drag devices found on the wings of some gliders and high-speed aircraft. They reduce lift and increase drag.
• VFR

  visual flight rules need good visibility and clear of clouds
• IFR

  instrument flight rules

  fly under only instruments

  can fly inside clouds

  need instrument rating