Global Population and Development

• Birthrate:

  number of births per 1000 people
• Deathrate:

  number of deaths per 1000 people
• Natural Increase: difference between number of births and deaths in a year
• Fertility Rate: average number of children a woman has in her lifetime
• Population Density: number of people per square kilometre
• In a given area, migration in and out of the country can affect population
• Population distribution: pattern of where people live
• Population Pyramids

  A) gender split of a country

  B) young dependent population (under 15)

  C) economically active population (15-60)

  D) elderly dependent (60+)

  E) age catogories

  
• Migration: movement
• Immigration: entering a country
• Emigration: leaving a country
• net migration loss: emigration is higher than immigration
• net migration gain: immigration is higher than emigration
• refugees: forced migrants who cross a border
• internally displaced persons (IDP): if a forced migrator doesn't cross a border
• Reasons for migration:

  Economic:

  • improve job prospects, income and standard of life

  Political:

  • religious/political prosecution - forced to flee

  Social:

  • improve educational opportunities, medical services, join family and friends, marriage

  Environmental:

  • drought, famine, epidemics, natural hazards
• Push Factors:

  disadvantages in an area which causes people to leave

  • eg. lack of jobs/educational opportunities, religious persecution, war, natural disasters
• Pull Factors:

  advantages that attract migrants to a particular destination; oftem opposite to a push factor

  • eg. available jobs, educational opportunities, religious tolerance