skeletal system

• Synovial joint


  A freely moveable joint in which the surface is covered by synovial fluid and connected by fibrous connective tissue capsule lined with cartilage
• synovial capsule - a tough fibrous surrounding the joint, holding the fluid in place
• Synovial fluid lubricates the joint, allows all the parts to move against each other smoothly, and keeps the joint from infection
• Ligaments


  • Attach bones to bones
  • Hold the body in place
• Ligaments


  Bands of connective tissue
• Tendons


  • Attach muscle to bone
  • Strong
  • Can be a little flexible
• Cartilage


  • Soft connective tissue
  • Shock absorption
• Movement of tendons


  1. Pulling on the tendon

  2. Pulling on the bone

  3. Causes movement
• Extension


  Increase in the angle of the joint
• Extension


  • Kicking a football
• Flexion


  Decrease in the angle of the joint
• Flexion


  • Kicking a rugby ball
  • Bicep curl
• Abduction


  Sideways movement away from the midline of the body
• Abduction


  • Breaststroke in swimming
• Adduction


  Sideways movement towards the midline of the body
• Adduction


  • Throwing a discus
  • Forehand in tennis
• Rotation


  Movement around the longitudinal axis of a joint
• Rotation


  • Front crawl in swimming
• Joint


  Where two or more bones meet
• Ball and socket joint


  Allows for a wide range of movement
• Joints flex and extend, muscles contract to relay movement
• Functions of the skeletal system

  • Movement
  • Protection
  • Storage of minerals
  • Red cell production
  • Support
  • Posture
• Originator muscle


  Muscle that is attached to the stable bone
• Inserter muscle


  Muscle that is attached to the moving bone
• Stabiliser muscle


  Muscle that works in pairs to stabilise the origins of the mover
• Muscular System


  Describes all the muscles in the body and how they work
• Muscular System


  • It is the driving force behind movement which happens as a result of muscles contracting and relaxing
  • Muscles work voluntary through different types of planned contraction, or involuntary, contracting and lengthening themselves (e.g. internal organs)
• Cardiac muscles


  • Makes the heart pump, this ensures other muscles are well supplied with everything they need for sport
• Involuntary muscles


  • Help move substances around the body e.g. oxygen and nutrients
• Voluntary muscles


  • Enable movement