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• Most lightning-related injuries occur when the victim:

  receives a "splash" effect after lightning strikes a nearby object.
• A burn patient with a history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease:

  may be triaged as a critically burned patient, even if the burn injury is small
• When a recently burned patient comes before you, your first action should be to:

  extinguish any flames.
• A 52-year-old man sustained superficial and partial-thickness burns to his left arm approximately 15 minutes ago when he opened the radiator cap on his car. He is conscious, alert, and in severe pain. His blood pressure is 138/76 mm Hg, pulse is 110 beats/min and strong, respirations are 22 breaths/min and regular, and oxygen saturation is 97% on room air. He denies any other injuries. Initial management for this patient involves:

  applying cool, wet dressings to the burn and elevating his arm.
• Unlike chemical burns, radiation burns:

  may appear hours or days after exposure
• If a burn patient presents with a hoarse voice and states, "I'm cold," your most immediate concern should be:

  inhalation injury
• The two most common causes of death from an electrical injury are:

  asphyxia and cardiopulmonary arrest.
• Skin is thickest on which part of the body?

  heel
• A person who is exposed to cement:

  may not notice a skin burn for hours because cement penetrates through clothing and reacts with sweat.
• The area surrounding the zone of coagulation, which has decreased blood flow and inflammation, is called the zone of:

  stasis.
• Victims standing near an object that is struck by lightning:

  often have burns characterized by a feathering pattern.
• Upon initial contact with a severely burned patient, you must:

  ensure that the patient is not still burning.
• Which of the following symptoms and signs indicate potential airway involvement in a burn patient?

  Stridor
• Which type of radiation is very penetrating and easily passes through the body and solid materials?

  Gamma
• Which of the following locations would provide the best protection from a lightning strike?

  A car with the windows rolled up
• Thermal burns are most commonly caused by exposure to:

  an open flame
• Unlike partial-thickness burns, full-thickness burns:

  destroy the base membrane of the dermis that produces new skin cells.
• A partial-thickness burn is considered to be a major burn in a 40-year-old patient if it:

  involves more than 25% of the body surface area.
• Which of the following statements regarding the rule of palms is correct?

  The patient's palm, excluding the fingers, represents 1% of his or her total body surface area.
• It is important to closely observe the nasal hair, eyebrows, and eyelashes in patients who have experienced burns, because damage to them may indicate:

  Airway injury
• You are transporting a conscious but confused 29-year-old man after he was electrocuted. The patient is on high-flow oxygen, has an IV line of normal saline in place, is on a cardiac monitor, and has his spine fully immobilized. During transport, it is especially important for you to:

  remain alert for lethal cardiac dysrhythmias and be prepared to defibrillate.
• Assessment of a patient who may have been exposed to radiation begins by:

  determining if the scene is safe to enter.
• The appropriate treatment for most chemical burns is:

  flushing with copious amounts of water.
• The onset of which of the following symptoms soon after exposure to radiation is a predictor of poor outcomes?

  Vomiting
• A young man was assaulted and has extensive maxillofacial injuries. Your primary assessment reveals that he is semiconscious, has shallow breathing, and has blood draining from the corner of his mouth. Initial management for this patient involves:

  manually stabilizing his head in a neutral position, suctioning his oropharynx, and assisting ventilations with a bag-mask device and 100% oxygen
• Hypoxia and hypovolemia are major contributors to poor outcomes following trauma and can have devastating effects within how many minutes of onset?

  4-6 minutes
• What is a concern when a patient with maxillofacial trauma has blood in the oropharynx?

  aspiration
• When assessing a patient with maxillofacial trauma, it is MOST important to:

  protect the cervical spine and monitor the patient's neurologic status.
• The primary risk associated with oral and dental injuries is:

  airway compromise
• Which of the following signs or symptoms is usually the first clue to the presence of a maxillofacial fracture?

  ecchymosis
• In contrast to secondary spinal cord injury, primary spinal cord injury occurs:

  at the moment of impact.
• A diffuse axonal injury:

  involves stretching, shearing, or tearing of the extension of the neuron that conducts electrical impulses away from the cell body.
• Which of the following statements regarding a closed head injury is correct?

  In a closed head injury, the dura mater remains intact.
• Open fractures of the cranial vault:

  are associated with a high risk of bacterial meningitis
• A motorcycle or football helmet should be removed if:

  the patient is breathing shallowly and access to the airway is difficult.
• When using the Brain Trauma Foundation's "90-90-9 rule," it is important to remember that a single drop in the patient's oxygen saturation to less than which percentage significantly increases their chance of death?

  90%
• Upon transport to the hospital, a 48-year-old patient with a suspected TBI experiences a sudden drop in systolic blood pressure. You recognize that it is critical to infuse fluids as needed to maintain a systolic pressure of at least:

  90 mm Hg
• Following a traumatic injury, a 19-year-old woman presents with confusion, tachycardia, and hypotension. Her skin is cool, clammy, and pale. Further assessment reveals abdominal rigidity and deformity with severe pain over her thoracic vertebrae. In addition to administering high-flow oxygen and immobilizing her spine, you should:

  start at least one large-bore IV line and give crystalloid boluses as needed to maintain adequate perfusion.
• Early signs and symptoms of increased intracranial pressure include:


  headache and vomiting
• You have just completed spinal immobilization of a hemodynamically stable patient with a possible spinal injury. Prior to moving the patient to the ambulance, it is most important to:

  reassess pulse, motor, and sensory functions in all extremities