CPAR Module 3

• Folk Architecture

  • Simple structures built of local materials and available tools to provide shelter for its inhabitants
• Folk Architecture


  • Bahay Kubo or Nipa Hut
  • Bale or Ifugao House
  • Ivatan House in Batanes
  • Torogan or Maranao House
  • Badjao's Stilt Houses and Houseboats
• Bahay Kubo or Nipa Hut


  An icon to Filipino lowland and rural culture, a stilt house with walls usually made up of bamboo rods and bamboo mats or sawali, and a thatched roof made up of anahaw or nipa
• Bale or Ifugao House


  A one-room house with an attic for storage, located at the contour of the rice terraces, the exterior looks like a pyramid resting on four posts, the interior is enclosed by slanting walls and ceiling that appears to be spherical that are formed by the loft
• Ivatan House in Batanes

  Built with limestone walls, and cogon roofs, strong enough to withstand the typhoons and earthquakes, has narrow doors and windows with wooden shutters and often secured by wooden bars
• Torogan or Maranao House


  A stately house for the elite members of the Maranao tribe, a symbol of status and leadership, also serves as a courthouse, hall for community meetings, and its courtyard as ritual areas for weddings
• Badjao's Stilt Houses and Houseboats

  Badjao, the sea gypsies, cruise along the islands of Sulu, their unique ecological setting and fishing economy compel them to adjust to the limited space of their lepa or floating homes, strong platforms are made on both ends of the boat for the fish, kitchen utensils and fishing gadgets with the kitchen area usually found at the back, some Badjaos prefer to live in stilt houses built out of driftwood and debris from the coastal cities
• Maritime Transports


  • Simple marine vessels made for the transport of goods and people by sea and other waterways in the surrounding regions
• Maritime Transports


  • Wooden Banca
  • Vinta
• Wooden Banca


  An outrigger canoe, a small wooden boat used for transport in daily activities by people near the coast, sometimes highly decorated
• Vinta


  A traditional boat made by Sama-Bajau (Badjao) and Moros living in the Sulu Archipelago, Zamboanga peninsula, and southern Mindanao, the assorted vertical colors in its sail represent the colorful culture of the Muslim community, used for inter-island transport of people and goods
• Weaving, Textile making, and Fabric Art

  • Early Filipinos weaved using fibers from abaca, cotton, pineapple and, bark, the tedious process spans from a week up to months
• Weaving, Textile making, and Fabric Art

  • Piña fabric
  • T'nalak woven cloth
  • Tingkep baskets
  • Hinabol
  • Yakan-weaved cloth
  • The Tapis of the Kalinga Tribe
• Piña fabric


  The oldest industry of Aklan, piña cloth is soft and looks delicate but it is durable and long-lasting, often used for our national costumes, the baro't saya and barong, when blended with silk it is called "piña silk" and when mixed with abaca it is called "piña jusi"
• T'nalak woven cloth


  Woven by the T'boli women of Lake Sebu, South Cotabato, Mindanao, represents the tribe's culture and tradition, the unique designs and patterns on the cloth are bestowed upon them through dreams
• Tingkep baskets


  Serves both practical and spiritual purposes in the Pala'wan community life, used as a storage container and to house the powerful female spirit Linamin et Kundu during a healing ritual called Kundu, handcrafted by the women from fine bamboo strips and made in natural colors
• Hinabol


  Weaving is a happy activity for the Higaonon hinabol weavers of Bukidnon, the cloth reflects the moods and feelings of the weaver, it is woven as offering to the spirits and also given as a gift, as a dowry, and is used to bring peace during tribal conflicts
• Yakan-weaved cloth


  Made by the Yakan tribe from Basilan, features elaborate geometric designs and patterns that are inspired by nature, the fabrics are used for religious and ritual purposes, bartered for daily necessities, given as gifts, and used for peace offerings in times of conflict
• The Tapis of the Kalinga Tribe


  A costume indigenous to the Kalinga and Apayao, a rectangular cloth woman wear as a wraparound skirt, woven using a backstrap loom and embroidered with nature-inspired patterns
• Carving


  • Wood is the common material that is widely used in the country, other materials such as stone and metals such as silver and bronze are used in regions where there is an abundance of the mineral
• Performing Art


  • Folk dances and music which are developed by an individual or groups of people that reflect their traditions and culture
• Literature


  • The traditional oral literature of various ethnic groups of the country, includes the story of "Malakas at Maganda" and epics such as "Hudhud ni Aliguyon," "Darangan," and the likes
• Graphic and Plastic Arts

  • Graphic arts are mainly two-dimensional (2D), like sketching, painting, photography, and calligraphy, Plastic arts include sculpture or ceramics which have three dimensions (3D)
• Ornament


  Used to embellish parts of a building or object, the Ifugaos have carved Anito figures or Bulul which represent their ancestral spirit and granary gods, the Kapampangans are famous in their parol, an iconic symbol of the Filipino Christmas
• Pottery


  • Native Filipinos created pottery since 3500 years ago, these potteries serve as a secondary burial jars to hold the deceased, some were decorated with anthropomorphic designs
• Pottery


  • Manunggul Jar
  • Maitum Anthropomorphic Potteries
• Manunggul Jar


  A secondary burial jar found in Manunggul Cave, Palawan, the upper portion is incised with curvilinear scroll designs and painted with natural iron or hematite, on top of the lid is a boat with two human figures representing two souls on a voyage to the afterlife
• Maitum Anthropomorphic Potteries


  Earthenware pots resembling human figures found in Ayub Cave in Pinol, Maitum, Saranggani Province, dated to the Metal Age (5 BC – 225 AD) and were used for secondary burial, the head-shaped covers portray different kinds of expressions and some have earrings, tattoos, female breasts, and male genitalia
• Gawad sa Manlilikha ng Bayan (GAMABA) or National Living Treasures Awards


  • Institutionalized through R.A. No. 7355, awarded to a citizen engaged in any traditional art uniquely Filipino whose distinctive skills reached such a high level of technical and artistic excellence and have been passed on to and widely practiced by the present generation in his/her community
• Categories of traditional folk arts


  • folk architecture
  • maritime transport
  • weaving
  • carving
  • performing arts
  • literature
  • graphic and plastic arts
  • ornament
  • textile or fiber art
  • pottery and other artistic expressions of traditional culture
• Criteria for recognizing a Gawad sa Manlilikha ng Bayan (GAMABA) candidate


  • He/she had created a significant body of works and/or has consistently displayed excellence in the practice of his/her art, thus achieving important contributions for its development
  • He/she has been instrumental in the revitalization of his/her community's artistic tradition
  • He/she has passed on to the other members of the community skills in the folk art for which the community is traditionally known
  • His/her community has recognized him/her as master and teacher of his/craft
• Honors and Privileges for GAMABA Awardees

  • Receive a specially designed gold medallion, an initial grant of P100,000 and a P10,000 monthly stipend for life, with the monetary grant potentially increased
  • Receive a maximum cumulative amount of P750,000 medical and hospitalization benefits annually similar to that received by the National Artists and funeral assistance/tribute fit for a National Living Treasure
  • Receive honorarium and other benefits when invited to a private event
  • Required presence in events under the institutional programs and projects of the NCCA
• GAMABA Awardees


  • Ginaw Bilog (1993) - Poet, Hanunuo Mangyan
  • Masino Intaray (1993) - Musician and Storyteller, Pala'wan
  • Samaon Sulaiman (1993) - Musician, Maguindanao
  • Lang Dulay (1998) - Textile Weaver, T'boli
  • Salinta Monon (1998) - Textile Weaver, Tagabawa Bagobo
  • Alonzo Saclag (2000) - Musician and Dancer, Kalinga
  • Federico Caballero (2000) - Epic Chanter, Sulod-Bukidnon
  • Uwang Ahadas (2000) - Musician, Yakan
  • Darhata Sawabi (2004) - Textile Weaver, Tausug
  • Eduardo Mutuc (2004) - Metalsmith, Kapampangan
  • Haja Amina Appi (2004) - Mat Weaver, Sama
  • Teofilo Garcia (2012) - Casque Maker, Ilocano
  • Magdalena Gamayo (2012) - Textile Weaver, Ilocano