biology paper 1

Created by

Omar

Cards (100)

Name the two types of Eukaryotic cells
Plant cells, animal cells
What type of cells are Prokaryotic cells?
Bacteria cells
Where are chromosomes found in an animal cell
Nucleus
Describe the DNA in a bacteria cell
A single DNA loop or a DNA ring (plasmid)
What is 'centi' in standard form?
10 to the power of -2
What is 'milli' in standard form?
10 to the power of -3
What is 'micro' in standard form?
10 to the power of -6
What is 'nano' in standard form?
10 to the power of -9
List the five parts of an animal cell
Nucleus, Cytoplasm, Cell membrane, Mitochondria, Ribosomes
List the three parts of a cell only found in plant cells
Vacuole (filled with cell sap), Chloroplasts, Cell wall
What is a cell wall made of in a plant cell?
Cellulose
What function does cellulose have in a cell wall? 
Provides strength
Name three specialised animal cells
Sperm, Nerve, Muscle
Name three specialised plant cells
Xylem, Root hair, Phloem
What is cell differentiation?
When different types of cells are formed in an organism
State two benefits of an electron microscope over a light microscope
Greater resolving power, Higher magnification
How do you calculate magnification in a microscope?
Magnification = size of image/size of real object
What is a stem cell?
An undifferentiated cell
Name two conditions that treatment with stem cells might help in humans
Diabetes, Paralysis
What is a risk of using stem cells to treat humans?
Transfer of viral infection
What is diffusion? 
Spreading out of particles of a substance in solution or a gas
What process moves substances into and out of a cell across a cell membrane?
Diffusion
What does diffusion result in?
The net movement of particles from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration
Name two substances transported in and out of cells during gas exchange
Oxygen, Carbon Dioxide
What waster product diffuses into blood plasma?
Urea
Which organ is urea excreted from?
The kidney
Name three factors that affect diffusion
Difference in concentration (concentration gradient), Temperature, Surface area of membrane
How does water move across cell membranes?
By osmosis
What is osmosis? 
Diffusion of water from a dilute solution to a concentrated solution through a partially permeable membrane
What is active transport?
The movement of substances from a more dilute solution to a more concentrated solution
What's the role of active transport in plants?
The absorption of mineral ions from dilute solutions in soil via root hairs
What's the role of active transport in humans?
Allows sugar molecules to move from the gut into the blood
What are the basic building blocks of all living organisms?
Cells
What is a tissue?
A group of cells with similar structure and function
What is an organ? 
An aggregation of tissues that perform a specific function
What is an organ system?
Different organs working together
Name the parts of the digestive system
Mouth salivary glands, stomach, liver, gall bladder, small intestine, large intestine
Where are amylases produced?
Salivary glands
What does amylase do?
Breaks down starch into sugars
Where are proteases produced?
Stomach, small intestine, pancreas