ICT

• ICT - Information and Communication Technology


  Encompasses a wide range of tools and processes that facilitate the access, retrieval, storage, organization, manipulation, production, presentation, and exchange of information through electronic and automated means
• History of ICT


  • 3000 B.C. - the abacus was invented, serving as a precursor to modern computing devices
  • Early 19th century - calculators were developed, following the discovery of electricity in the 1780s
  • Charles Babbage, 1833 - produced the initial designs of the computer, laying the foundation for future developments
  • Konrad Zuse, 1931 - assembled the first electronic calculator, paving the way for more advanced computing machines
  • Guglielmo Marconi, 1894 - invention of "wireless telegraphy" facilitated the development of radio in the 20th century, with commercial radio broadcasts becoming widespread in America during the 1920s
  • The 1970s witnessed the introduction of mobile phone technology, with the earliest mobile phones sold in the 1980s
  • Advancements in digital technology during the 2000s led to the popularity of mobile phones
  • The late 20th century saw significant developments in computer technology
  • 1971 - the introduction of the first microprocessor by Intel
  • 1981 - the manufacturing of the initial versions of modern computers by IBM
  • Tim Berners-Lee, 1991 - creation of the World Wide Web, or the Internet
  • In the Philippines, the integration of radio and television programs, such as Teleradyo, has also become a notable development
• Digital Divide


  The disparities in access, adoption, and proficiency in utilizing these technologies
• Factors that causes digital divide

  • Geographical location
  • Economic status
  • Income levels
  • Age
  • Educational attainment
  • Race
  • Degree of government support
• 3 Levels of Disparity in the Digital Divide

  • Stark disparities usage between individuals residing in developed nations versus those in developing countries are a prevalent concern
  • There exists an alarming disparity in opportunities for ICT utilization within nations themselves. Several pivotal factors contribute to this discrepancy, including socioeconomic status, educational attainment levels, and geographical location.
  • The third type of digital divide pertains to the participation in a democracy and the potential opportunities that may arise in the wake of the digital revolution. The digital revolution is paving the way for increased communication and involvement, fostering a more inclusive democratic process.
• How do we address the disparity?


  • Governments must dedicate resources to establish robust ICT infrastructures, ensuring widespread accessibility.
  • Empowering the public through training and education initiatives aimed at enhancing ICT literacy and fostering effective utilization of these technologies.
  • Enabling citizens to access ICT equipment by providing favorable economic and social conditions, thereby facilitating the acquisition of necessary devices and services.
• The Effects of Advancement in ICT

  • The existing ICT infrastructure plays a crucial role, as it determines the foundation upon which further technological developments can be built
  • The level of education, skills, and income within the country influences the ability of its population to adopt and effectively utilize ICT resources.
  • The ICT policy and regulation established by the government, as well as the level of e-government implementation, can either facilitate or hinder the integration of ICT advancements.
• Impact Areas of ICT

  • Impact on Citizen Participation
  • Impact on Economic Performance
  • Impact on Education
  • Impact on Employment and Poverty Alleviation
  • Impact on Health
• ICT have revolutionized citizen engagement in national affairs. Gone are the days of limited access to information. E-government websites and online transactions further empower citizens by making it easier to access information, submit feedback, and inquire about government services, all at an accelerated pace.
• Impact on Economic Performance

  • Lazada
  • Zalora
  • Grab
  • Agoda
  • Gcash
• Impact on Education


  • UPOU
  • LMS
  • CRS
• The rise of ICT has had a double-edged impact on employment and poverty alleviation. On the positive side, it has created new job opportunities throughout its lifecycle. Additionally, the applications of ICT have spurred business growth in sectors like online retail and Business Process Outsourcing (BPOs), further expanding employment opportunities. This has led to a relative improvement in poverty alleviation. BPOs are being established across various industries, including food and beverage, telecommunications, banking and finance, creating new avenues for income generation.
• ICT have significantly impacted healthcare. On the positive side, ICT has revolutionized access to patient medical records, empowering individuals to manage their health more effectively. However, the ease of access can also lead to downsides. Excessive use of online and offline games, as well as pornography consumption, can have negative psychological consequences.