CPAR

• Context


  Settings, conditions, circumstances, and occurrences affecting production and reception or audience response to an artwork
• Bul-ul


  • An indigenous, pre-colonial ritual thing and theme in everyday life of the folks of Cordillera region
  • A human-like figure made of hardwood, the bul-ul is to believe to be a granary god that assures the community of a bountiful harvest
  • A remarkable bul-ul can be viewed at Hiwang Village, Banaue, Ifugao
• Different Contexts of Art

  • Artist's Background
  • Nature
  • Everyday life
  • Society, Politics and History
  • Mode of Reception
• Artist's Background


  • The artist's age, gender, culture, economic conditions, social environment, and disposition affect art production
  • A traditional artist's resources differ from an artist reared in a highly urbanized environment like Manila
  • The method of production which involves the kind of materials available and accessible to the artists as well as the settings or location where the art will be created
  • Some of the artists deliberately foreground their cultural identity in their works
  • Travels, training and professional development broaden the artist's horizon
• Abdulmari Asia Imao

  • Tausug National Artist Awarded in 2006
• Julie Lluch


  • Artist from Iligan City, emphasize her female identity and personal experiences in many of her terracotta works
• Terracotta


  A reddish clay that is used for pottery and tiles
• Nature


  • A source of inspiration and a wellspring of materials for art production
  • It is also seen as a force that one has to contend with
  • When it comes to the built environment, the availability of resources for construction is not the only factor taken into account but also environmental conditions such as topography and climate
• VEEJAY VILLAFRANCA


  • One of the photographers who warned the public about the alarming effects of climate change, and how it forces people to become "refugees in their own land"
• Fernando Amorsolo


  • Painted landscapes as a romantic picture "Mayon Volcano"
• Roy Lagarde


  • "Breakers" by Puruganan (oil on canvas board, 1940 from the UST Museum Visual Art Collection)
• Everyday Life


  • Philippine traditional art has always been an integral part of daily life. Its significance lies not only in its aesthetic appearance but also in its functionality and its value to the community that produced it
  • Changes in landscape, innovations in technology, and the popular types of media have dramatically influenced our relations and the way we live. Artists working in the contemporary idiom have been increasingly draw to scenes, objects, and issues in everyday life
• PABALAT


  • A form of papercutting originated from Bulacan
• Society, Politics and Economy, and History


  • Changes in the society, politics and economy affect artists, the work that they do, and the structures that support their production
  • The artist's creative process is affected if not compromised by patronage, such as the State or the Church
• Photography


  • Served as the alternate of painting. It can reproduce again and reasonably priced form of portraiture
• Dalagang Bukid


  • The first Filipino feature film and locally produced in the Philippines, directed by Jose Nepomuceno in 1919. At that time, live music was synced with the image while moving because the technology integrating sound in the movies was not yet developed
• Art serves not only as certificate that gives us traces or evidences about the historical settings near its production, but also as a means to re-tell history itself
• Brown Brother Burden


  • The painting of Benedicto Cabrera in 1970 presents an aspect of colonial history from the gaze of colonized
• Appropriation


  Technique of transforming existing materials through the juxtaposition of elements taken from one context and placing these to another present alternative meanings, structure and composition
• Mode of Reception


  • When, where, and how art is encountered
  • Aside from production, reception also may be affected by the artist's gender, age, economic conditions, culture, social environment and disposition
  • Is one of the crucial context because it gives consideration in the moment (time and space) of how we might react or involve ourselves in the artwork we encountered and its relation to our personal experiences and community
• GAMABA


  • Gawad sa Manlilikha ng Bayan or the National Living Treasures Award
  • Recognized the outstanding work of arts in the Philippines
  • Is the highest national award for culture and arts
  • Envisioned under R.A. 7355, "Manlilikha ng Bayan" shall mean a citizen engaged in any traditional art uniquely Filipino whose distinctive skills have reached such a high level of technical and artistic excellence and have been passed on to and widely practiced by the present generation in his/her community with the same degree of technical and artistic competence
• GAMABA is implemented by the National Commission for Culture and the Arts (NCCA), which is the highest policy-making and coordinating body of the Philippines for culture and the arts
• Weaving


  The craft of lacing fibers together to make fabric or cloth
• Lang Dulay


  • "Tinalak" - T'nalak, a dyed fabric made from refined abaca fibre, T'boli/ Lake Sebu, South Cotabato, Mindanao, Southern Philippines (1998)
• Salinta Monon


  • "Inabal", Tagabawa Bagobo/ Bansalan, Davao del Sur, Southeastern Mindanao Island, Southern Philippines (1998)
• Daharta Sawabi


  • "Pis Siyabit" - a traditional Tausug cloth tapestry worn as a head covering by the people of Jolo, "pis"- geometric patterns, "siyabit"-technique, Tausug/Parang, Southern Philippines (2004)
• Haja Amina Appi


  • "Mat", Sama/Tandubas, Tawi-tawi, Southern Philippines (2004)
• Magdalena Gamayo


  • "Inabel", Ilocano/Pinili, Ilocos Norte, Northern Luzon Island, Northern Philippines (2012)
• Ginaw Bilog


  • "Surat Mangyan & Ambahan Poetry", Hanunoo Mangyan/Mansalay, Oriental Mindoro, Central Philippines (1993)
• Masino Intaray


  • "Lyrical Poems", Kulilal - a highly lyrical poem expressing passionate love song with the accompaniment of the kudyapi and a bamboo zither, Bagit - also played on the kudyapi, instrumental music depicting the rhythms, movements, and sounds of nature, birds, and the like, Pala'wan / Brookes Point, Palawan island, Central Philippines (1993)
• Sumaon Sulaiman


  • "Playing the Kudyapi", Maguindanao / Mama sa Pano, Maguindanao, Western Mindano Island, Southern Philippines (1993)
• Alonzo Saclag


  • "Kalinga Musical Instrument", Playing Kalinga musical instruments; dance patterns, and movements associated with rituals, Kalinga / Lubuagan, Kalinga, Northern Luzon island, Northern Philippines 2000
• Federico Caballero


  • "Chanting the Sugidanon Epic", Sulod Bukidnon / Calinog, Iloilo, Panay island, Central Philippines 2000
• Uwang Ahadas


  • "Yakan Musical Instruments", Gabbang, Agung, Kwintangan, Yakan / Lamitan, Basilan island, Southern Philippines 2000
• Plastic Arts


  Art forms which involve physical manipulation of a plastic medium by molding or modeling such as sculpture or ceramics
• Eduardo Mutuc


  • "silver plating of Religious and Secular Art", Kapampangan / Apalit, Pampanga, Central Luzon island, Northern Philippines 2004
• Teofilo Garcia


  • "Tabungaw Hat", Tabungaw hats also known as Kattukong - are hats made from Bottle Gourds and White Pumpkins and have been worn as hats by the people in the Philippines for hundreds of years, Ilocano / San Quintin, Abra, Northern Luzon island 2012
• Factors Affecting the Traditional Artist's Production Process

  • Tourism
  • Mining & Infrastructure Projects
  • Militarization
  • Christianization
• Tourism


  • Land areas are converted into sites for tourist consumption
  • Dances and rituals are staged for an external audience
  • Art forms native to the community tend to diminish in quality
• Mining & Infrastructure Projects

  • Construction of dams
  • Establishment of oil
  • Mining companies
  • These evicts people from their dwellings, and damaged the environment