GNED05

• Communication


  • Sending and receiving messages
  • A process of creating and transmitting meaning through verbal and nonverbal messages
  • A natural activity of people
• Purposive communication


  • Intentional communication
  • Applied in a specific setting
• Contexts affecting communication process

  • Settings/Environment
  • Social Relationships
  • Scenes: place, time, occasion
  • Culture
• Elements of Communication


  • Sender
  • Message
  • Channels
  • Receiver
• Sender


  • Correct grammar
  • Phonetics
  • Choice of words
  • Sentence construction
  • Delivery
• Message


  • Courtesy: politeness
  • Clarity: correct word usage
  • Consciesness: simple yet specific
  • Concreteness: specific with examples
  • Completeness: to avoid ambiguity (5Ws and H)
• Channels


  • Telephone
  • Radio
  • Television
• Receiver


  • Good listener
  • Eliminate distractions/noises
• Elements of Communication Process

  • Source
  • Message
  • Channel
  • Receiver
  • Feedback
  • Environment
  • Context
  • Interference
• Barriers in Communication


  • Psychological Barriers
  • Physical Barriers
  • Linguistic and Cultural Barriers
  • Mechanical Barriers
• Communication Models


  • Aristotle's Model of Communication
  • Shannon-Weaver Model of Communication
  • Osgood Model of Communication
  • Osgood-Schramm's Model of Communication
  • White's Model of Communication
• Spoken Language


  Actual use of speech, related utterances that convey meaning
• Written Language


  Means of written symbols/writing system
• Language Variety


  General term for any distinctive form of a language
• Types of Language Variety

  • Dialect
  • Pidgin
  • Creole
• Dialect


  • The way people speak their native language
  • Accent: how people pronounce words
• Pidgin


  • Simplified language derived from two or more languages
  • Reduced vocabulary and simplified grammar
• Creole


  • A fully developed language with native speakers
  • Emerges when a pidgin becomes the primary means of communication
• Registers of Language


  • Frozen
  • Formal
  • Consultative
  • Casual
  • Intimate
• Characteristics of Spoken Language

  • Evanescence
  • Faster Tempo
  • Spontaneity
  • Richness in prosody
  • Naturalness
  • Situatedness
• Characteristics of Written Language

  • Permanent and transportable
  • Slower tempo
  • Deliberate and complicated
  • Low of prosody
  • Less natural
  • Desituatedness