b3 Genetics

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Created by
gohar

Cards (20)

  • Which process is used to create gametes?
    meiosis
  • Sexual reproduction involves the combination of DNA from two different parents. This means that the offspring will be genetically different to either of their parents. 
  • When fungi and plants reproduce asexually, which process do they use?
    mitosis
  • When bacteria reproduce asexually, which process do they use?
    Binary fission
  • DNA has a double helix structure as it has two strands
  • Gene is a section of DNA that codes for a particular protein.
  • Genome is the entire set of genetic material in an organism, including all the genes and the DNA that controls the genes
  • Alleles are the different versions of a particular gene.
  • Alleles can be either dominant or recessive.
  • What is a phenotype?
    The characteristics an organism has as a result of their genotype
  • what is a genotype?
    The genetic makeup of an organism due the two alleles present for a particular gene
  • Adenine pairs with thymine and Cytosine pairs with guanine 
  • The sequence of bases in DNA determines the sequence of amino acids in the chain, The chain of amino acids then folds up to form a protein. Different sequences of amino acids lead to proteins with different shapes this allows different proteins to carry out different functions.
  • homozygous means having two identical alleles like 'AA'
  • heterozygous means having two different alleles like 'Aa'
  • Differences in the characteristics of individuals within a population is called variation
  • Which two factors contribute to the variation between organisms? 
    An individual's characteristics are determined by both the genes they inherit, and the environment they're exposed to. This means that both contribute to the variation between organisms
  • A change in the DNA code is called a mutation.
  • What does the phrase 'survival of the fittest' mean?
    The individuals with the most favourable characteristics are most likely to survive
  • Evolution is the process by which the inherited characteristics of a population change over time due to natural selection. In some cases this may result in the formation of a new species.