nervous, endocrine, reproductive

• cerebrum - large, upper part of the brain controls activity and thought
• central nervous system - serves as the main processing center for the entire nervous system
• cerebellum - part under cerebrum that controls posture, balance, coordination
• brain stem - the part that connects the brain to the spinal cord
• spinal cord - serves as a channel between the brain and the rest of the body
• peripheral nervous system - connects the central nervous system to the organs and limbs
• somatic nervous system - associated with the voluntary control of body movements
• spinal nerves - nerves that carry motor and sensory signals between spinal cord and the body
• cranial nerves - nerves that originate from the brain
• autonomic nervous system - controls involuntary actions such as heart rate, breathing, digestion, etc.
• sympathetic division - prepares the body for action (fight or flight)
• parasympathetic division - returns the body to normal state after fight or flight response
• cell body - known as 'soma' where you can find the nucleus
• nucleus - it contains all the information of the cell
• dendrites - receive information from other neurons
• axon - carries nerves impulses away from the cell body to the next neuron
• myelin sheath - insulating layer around axon of neuron, speeds up transmission of impulses
• axon terminals - the end of the axon that receives the signal from the axon
• synapse - the junction between two neurons where the impulse is transmitted
• nerve impulse - signal that travels along a neuron from the cell body to the axon terminal
• stimulus - detectable change in the environment that triggers a response in the body
• reflex - quick, predictable, and involuntary response of the body to stimulus
• synaptic neurotransmission - the process of transmitting information from one neuron to another
• pineal gland - produces melatonin, a hormone that regulates sleep and wake cycles
• hypothalamus - controls body temperature, hunger, thirst, and sexual arousal
• pituitary gland - releases hormones that control other glands
• thyroid gland - produces thyroxine, regulates metabolism
• parathyroid glands - located in the posterior triangle of the neck, they produce parathyroid hormone
• thymus - produces T-lymphocytes, located in the mediastinum
• adrenal glands - located above the kidneys, produce adrenaline and cortisol
• pancreas - produces insulin and glucagon
• ovary - produces ova (eggs) and oestrogen
• testis - produces sperm and testosterone, produces testosterone and sperm
• testis - produces sperm and testosterone, produces testosterone and sperm
• scrotum - the sac that holds the testes and is covered by skin
• penis - erectile tissue, erects penis, ejaculates semen
• vas deferens (tube) - carries sperm from the testes to the urethra
• urethra - carries sperm and urine out of the body
• glands - provide liquid in which sperm can swim
• seminal vesicle - produces fluid that nourishes sperm and helps it move