epidemiology and diseases

• epidemiology - Study of the distribution and determinants of diseases or conditions of a population
• • “Epi” – among
  • “Demos” - people
• Epidemiologist: identifies the factors that cause disease or how that disease is transmitted and how the spread of communicable and non-communicable diseases can be prevented
• • As a Branch of microbiology: Microorganisms cause many diseases 
• As a Branch of ecology: Relationship among pathogens, their hosts, and the environment
• epidemiologic triad

  A) environment

  B) agent

  C) host

  
• classifications of diseases

  A) endemic

  B) pandemic

  C) epidemic

  D) sporadic

  
• • Infection sites – locations where microorganisms can enter and infect a host organism. It can be human, animal or non-living
• types of hosts

  A) accidental

  B) dead-end

  C) primary host

  D) reservoir host

  E) unable

  F) without harm

  
• zoonosis: a disease which can be transmitted to humans from animals.
• modes of transmission

  A) droplets

  B) airborne

  C) direct contact

  D) indirect contact

  E) waterborne

  F) foodborne

  G) vector-borne

  
• type of vector

  A) mechanical

  B) biological

  
• the disease process

  A) symptom threshold

  B) prodromal period

  C) convalescence

  D) infection

  
• control of communicable diseases

  A) vector control

  B) immunization

  C) isolation

  D) quarantine