BIOLOGY REVIEW

• Root system


  Responsible for anchoring the plant in the soil and for absorbing water and minerals needed by the plant to survive
• Root systems


  • Keep plants alive by expanding into new areas of the soil in order to access new sources of water and minerals
• Types of root systems

  • Taproot
  • Fibrous
  • Adventitious
• Taproot


  Main taproot that is larger and grows faster than the branch roots
• Fibrous


  All roots about the same size
• Adventitious


  Roots that form on any plant part other than the roots
• Primary tissues of the root

  • Epidermis
  • Cortex
  • Vascular cylinder
• Cortex


  Conducts water and dissolved minerals across the root from the epidermis to the vascular cylinder, and stores food transported downward from the leaves
• Endodermis


  Innermost layer of the cortex that regulates the flow of materials between the cortex and the vascular tissues
• Plant organ systems


  • Shoot system
  • Root system
• Shoot system


  • Vegetative (non-reproductive) parts
  • Reproductive parts
• Adventitious roots are a unique category of roots that develop from sources other than the radicle, and are modified for various purposes such as respiration, support and food storage
• The absorption of water and dissolved minerals occurs through the epidermis
• The endodermis regulates the flow of materials between the cortex and the vascular tissues
• The primary tissues of the root are, from outermost to innermost, the epidermis, the cortex, and the vascular cylinder
• Roots are often found below the surface of the soil, absorb water and nutrients, anchor the plant in place, and store food and nutrients for the plant's growth
• The three parts of the plant organ system are root system, shoot system, and transport system
• There are two tissues involved in the root system
• There are two types of roots: primary roots and secondary roots
• Taproot systems feature a single, thick primary root
• Roots grow in length and width from primary and secondary meristem
• Skeletal System


  Supports and protects body structures, produces blood cells, stores minerals, facilitates movement
• Important Organs of Skeletal System


  • Bones
  • Cartilage
  • Joints
  • Ligaments
  • Tendons
• Bones


  • Provide structural support for the body, protect delicate organs such as brain and heart, serve as attachment points for muscles
• Cartilage


  • Flexible connective tissue found in areas such as the joints, nose, ears, and between vertebra
• Joints


  • Points where two or more bones come together
• Ligaments


  • Tough, fibrous tissues that connect bones to other bones at joints
• Tendons


  • Strong, fibrous connective tissues that connect muscles to bones
• Division of Skeletal System