21st

• What are the three world literature?

  • Mesopotamian Literature

  • Egyptian Literature

  •Hebrew Literature
• The ancient literature and historical records helps us understand the culture and wisdom of the people
• What do you call a literature called an One land… Two River?

  • Mesopotamia Literature
• Mesopotamia means?

  • land between the rivers
• What is the river indicate in "land between the rivers" ?

  • Tigris River
  • Euphrates River
• Both rivers flooded once a year and left thick bed of silt.
• Silt means?

  -Rich

  -New soil
• farmers could plant and harvest enormous quantities of wheat &  Barley
• THE _____ WERE THE FIRST TO SETTLE IN THE MESOPOTAMIA

  • Sumerians
• SUMERIANS LIVED IN _____ BUILT AROUND _____?

  • CITY-STATES
  • Ziggurats
• Give the Sumerians Created:

  • BEAUTIFUL STONE AND METAL WORK
  • SCULPTURES
  • THE TWELVE MONTH CALENDAR
  • THE FIRST WRITING SYSTEM: CUNEIFORM
• In politic: Power of the Priest
• • Sumer's earliest governments werecontrolled by temple priests
• Fill the following:

  • Farmers believed they needed blessings for success of their crops
  • Priests were the middle man for the Gods
  • Priests demanded portion of farmer crops As tax
• Hereditary rulers: when the power is passed down to family members
• Economy: Fill in the Blank

  • Metal tools and weapons (bronze, iron)
  • Increasing agricultural surplus (better tools, plows, irrigation)
  • Increasing trade along rivers - traded with Egypt
  • Development of the world's first cities
  • Specialization of labor
• • Polytheistic: Belief in Many Gods (3,000!!!)
• • Gods could be angered at any moment and to keep them happy Sumerians:
• • Built impressive ziagurats or temples to sacrifice food, wine and animals
• • Souls of the dead wandered in the land of no return
• Women : Give the 4 reasons

  • Could not hold property
  • Join lower ranks of priesthood
  • There were few women scribes.
  • Scholars think that girls were not allowed to attend schools
• What is the literature or epic known in time of mesopotamian?

  epic of gilgamesh
• Epic of Gilgamesh

  • Myths and legends recorded in this long poem
  • One of the earliest works of literature in the world
• Society: mesopotamian: accordingly

  Kings and Priests

  Wealthy merchants

  Ordinary Sumerian people

  Slaves
• Ancient Egypt is one of the most powerful civilizations the world has ever known
• • Egypt was called the "gift of the Nile"
• • The Nile provided water and fertile soil for growing crops
• • Papyrus is what made Egypt a stable civilization.
• • Papyrus is an early form of paper
• • Egypt was prosperous for more than twenty-seven centuries. The greatest years were divided into three eras
• Old Kingdom (2700-2200)

  Famous Pyramids

  Highest Level of Sophistication
• Middle Kingdom (2000-1800)

  Expanding Economy

  Political Power
• New Kingdom (1600-1100)

  The pinnacle of political power Known for lyric love poems
• "Pyramid Power"

  • Religion was apart of daily life...
  • Pharaoh was both a political and spiritual leader
• PYRAMID:

  • Pharaoh
  • Single power ruler
  • priest scribes

  • Merchants and professionals

  • Worker, Pleasant, Slaves
  • The largest scale
• • Egyptians also had a form of wilting called hieroglyphics.
• • Hieroglyphs is a script in which pictures represent ideas
• • Because everything that Egyptians did was based on religious belief they constantly thought of the afterlife
• • Egyptians even wrote a book that was called the "Book of the Dead". It was a guide to the afterlife.
• •Egyptians also began a love for poetry. Especially pastoral poetry-displays everyday life in pleasant terms