RHEUMATOID

• Carpal Tunnel Syndrome


  Pain, burning, and tingling in the distribution of the median nerve
• Carpal Tunnel Syndrome


  • Initially, most bothersome during sleep
  • Later, weakness or atrophy of the thenar eminence
  • Can be caused by repetitive wrist activities
  • Commonly seen during pregnancy, diabetes mellitus, or rheumatoid arthritis
• Carpal Tunnel Syndrome


  An entrapment neuropathy, a painful disorder caused by compression of the median nerve between the carpal ligament and other structures within the carpal tunnel
• Causes of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome

  • Synovitis of the tendon sheaths or carpal joints
  • Fluid retention of pregnancy
  • Repetitive use of the hands
  • Wrist injuries
  • Diabetes
  • Rheumatic diseases like rheumatoid arthritis or inflammatory tenosynovitis
• Hip Osteoarthritis


  Pain deep in the groin on the affected side, swelling, degeneration of joint cartilage, loss of active and passive range of motion in severe OA
• In the United States, the prevalence of OA will grow as the number of persons over age 65 years doubles to more than 70 million by 2030
• Osteoarthritis


  Cartilage loss and OA symptoms are preceded by damage to the collagen-proteoglycan matrix
• Causes of Osteoarthritis


  • Previous trauma
  • Prior high-impact activities
  • Genetic factors
  • Obesity
  • Rheumatologic or metabolic conditions
  • Femoroacetabular impingement
• Rheumatoid Arthritis


  Autoimmune disease with usually insidious onset, symmetric polyarthritis with predilection for small joints of the hands and feet, deformities common with progressive disease
• Rheumatoid factor and antibodies to cyclic citrullinated peptides (anti-CCP) are present in 70–80% of rheumatoid arthritis patients
• Extra-articular manifestations of Rheumatoid Arthritis

  • Subcutaneous nodules
  • Interstitial lung disease
  • Pleural effusion
  • Pericarditis
  • Splenomegaly
  • Scleritis
  • Vasculitis
• Rheumatoid Arthritis


  A chronic systemic inflammatory disease whose major manifestation is synovitis of multiple joints, with a prevalence of 1% and more common in women than men
• The cause of rheumatoid arthritis is not known, but susceptibility is genetically determined with multiple genes contributing
• Untreated, rheumatoid arthritis causes joint destruction with consequent disability and shortens life expectancy
• Rheumatoid Arthritis


  The pathologic findings in the joint include chronic synovitis with formation of a pannus, which erodes cartilage, bone, ligaments, and tendons