ICT: 1ST LESSON 4TH QUARTER

• Outline


  • Basics of Electricity
  • Legal Basis of Electrical Safety
  • Hazards and Risks of the Use of Electricity
  • Electrical Safety
  • 10 Golden Rules of Electrical Safety
• MERALCO


  • Largest electric distribution utility in the Philippines
  • Franchise Area: 9,685 sq. km.
  • Serves as a mission critical Utility Service Provider
• MERALCO Franchise Statistics

  Total Customers: 6.6 million

  Demand: 7,399 MW (peak)

  Energy Sales: 44,313 GWh
• Legal Basis of Electrical Safety

  • Compliance to Laws and National Codes & Standards help ensure electrical safety
  • Philippine Electrical Code (Part I & II)
• Hazards and Risks of the use of Electricity

  • Electrical Fire
  • Electrical Shock
  • Flashover

  
• Electrical Fire

  • Occurs when electric current ignites flammable materials
  • Extremely dangerous because putting them out with water may expose a person to a higher risk of electric shock
• Electrical Shock


  • Electricity travels in closed circuits, normally through a conductor
  • A person's body — an efficient conductor of electricity — mistakenly becomes part of the electric circuit
• Flashover


  • Also known as an Arc flash, is a continuous electric discharge of high current which flows through an air gap between conductors
  • Generates a very bright ultra-violet light as well as intensive heat
  • Typically caused by a short circuit
• Electrocutions rank fourth in causes of industrial fatalities (behind traffic, violence and construction)
• Most of the accidents involve low voltage (600 volts or less)
• Effects of Electrical Contact to the Human Body

  • Shock, cause involuntary muscle reaction, paralyze muscles, burn tissues and organs, or kills
  • Fall from heights
  • Major or Minor Injuries
  • Unconsciousness/Head Injury or Death
• Effects of Electrical Shock

  • Electrical Burns
  • Fatal Electrocution
• Effects of Flashover


  • Multiple Degree Burns
  • Fatality
  • Blindness
• Causes of fire accidents

  • Electrical
  • Open Flames/Cooking
  • Cigarette Butts
  • Flammable Liquids and Chemicals
  • LPG Tanks
  • Fireworks
  • Combined Heat
  • Under Investigation and Others
• Locations of fire accidents

  • Structural and Residential Houses
  • Forest/Grassland/Rubbish
  • Vehicular
  • Miscellaneous
• A total of 19,292 fire incidents occurred throughout the Philippines in 2016
• The two leading causes of fire are due to electrical and open flame/cooking
• A total of 285 Filipinos died and 987 are injured each year in fires
• Causes of Public Action Incidents in 2020

  • Building worksite (BWS)
  • Working Near OH Lines
  • Tree climbing/ Fruit picking
  • Kite Flying/Picking
  • Antenna Installation
  • Others (Victim/Obj Got In Contact)
• Building Work Site (BWS) incidents

  • Lack of awareness of construction workers on power line safety
  • Building work sites violate safe clearance distance from power lines
• Building Work Site incidents (BWS) is still the top contributor of 226 Public Incidents in 2020
• Injury or fatality to public from accidental contact to power lines
• Identifying MERALCO Lines


  • 115,000 Volts (27 meters above ground)
  • 34,500 Volts (13 meters above ground)
  • 230 Volts (7 meters above ground, Telecom, Cable TV Wires)

  
• Voltage increases as the height increases
• Distribution lines are equally dangerous as transmission lines
• Avoiding Power Line Contacts - Construction Activities

  • Working near powerlines must be avoided
  • Improper handling of items are common accident causes
  • Be mindful of long items that may bring contact to powerlines
  • Spotters are necessary to guide crane operators avoid powerline contact
  • Concrete pumps are exposed to the same hazards as cranes
• Avoiding Power Line Contacts - Other Activities

  • Antenna Installation
  • Tree Cutting / Pruning
  • Fruit Picking
  • Kite Flying
• Measures to Avoid Contact

  • Hierarchy of Controls
  • Compliance to P.D. 1096
  • Maintain a safe distance of 3 meters
  • Installation of barriers
  • Require construction workers to wear appropriate PPEs
• Guy Guards are installed to help avoid crane contact with lines
• Electrical Safety Education Campaign and Electrical Safety In Power Up Forum @ Facebook
• Typhoon & Flood Safety
• Electrical Fire Prevention Practices

  • Keep hallways and stairways clear for quick exits and always equip them with smoke detectors whenever possible
  • Check for signs such as blown fuses, warm outlet plates, sparks from switches and outlets
  • Avoid plugging several electrical appliances to only 1 outlet
  • Never leave hot appliances plugged-in when you are not around
  • Use extension cords only within their designated rating
  • Never let multi-outlet assemblies or cube taps cause overloads
  • Never use frayed or deteriorated extension cords
  • Never tamper with fuses to change their current carrying capacity
  • Never pour water to put out an electrical fire!
• 10 Golden Rules of Electrical Safety


  • Rule 1
  • Rule 2
  • Rule 3
  • Rule 4
  • Rule 5
  • Rule 6
  • Rule 7
  • Rule 8
  • Rule 9
  • Rule 10
• DILP


  Program na ipinatutupad ng DOLE para sa pangkabuhayan, pangkaunlaran sa pamamagitan ng pagsasanay sa mga mamayan partikular sa mga self-employed at walang hanapbuhay
• WTO


  Organisasyon na binubuo ng ilang membrong bansa
• APEC


  • May 3 Pillars
• ISLA


  Proyekto para sa mga munisipalidad o bayan na ang pangunahing ikinabubuhay ay pangingisda
• UNDP: '"Ang mga tao ang tunay na kayamanan ng isang bansa"'
• Teknolohiya


  Salik na nagagamit nang mas episyente upang mas maparami pa ang mga naililikhang produkto at serbisyo na makakatulong sa pagsulong ng ekonomiya ng isang bansa
• Kapital


  Isang mahalagang salik sa pagpapalago ng negosyo o ekonomiya ng isang bansa