TCWD MIDTERM

• Modernization


  A model of a progressive transition from a 'pre-modern' or 'traditional' to a 'modern' society
• Modernization Theory


  Outlines the historical progression terms of a society's capacity to produce and consume material goods
• Walt Rostow's 4 Stages of Modernization

  1. Traditional Stage

  2. Take-Off Stage

  3. Drive to Technological Maturity Stage

  4. High Mass Consumption Stage
• Dependency Theory


  Conditions in which the development of nation-states of the South contributed to a decline in their independence and to an increase to an economic development of the countries of the North and having an excessive reliance to Colonizers
• Global North


  • Home to all members of G8
  • Home to four of the five permanent members of UN Security Council
  • United States, Canada, Western Europe
  • Developed parts of Asia, Australia and New Zealand
• Global South


  • Largely corresponds with the Third World
  • Africa
  • Latin America
• Global Media Cultures


  The flow of news and entertainment is a great factor for rich industrialized nations -states to market their products
• Global Media Education and Global Media serves as an agent to help to solve development problems because it promotes mixing of the global and local world and it can really affect the global integration
• International communication has been an active interlocutor in this debate because media and information technologies play an important role in the process of globalization
• The global media debate was launched during the General Conference of the United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) in Nairobi, Kenya


  1973
• Cultural imperialism theory


  Audiences across the globe are heavily affected by media messages emanating from the Western industrialized countries
• Hybridization


  • Impure cultural genres
  • Deterritorialization of cultural processes
  • Mixing previously cultural systems
• Nestor Garcia-Candini is one of the most influential voices in the debate about cultural hybridity
• 3 main features of Hybridity

  • Mixing previously separated cultural systems
  • De-territorialization of cultural processes from their original physical environment to new and foreign contexts
  • Entails impure cultural genres that are formed out of the mixture of several cultural domains
• Asian Regionalism


  A relatively new aspect of Asia's rise. Asia's economies are increasingly connected through trade, financial transactions, direct investment, technology, labor and tourist flows, and other economic relationships
• The economics of regionalism have a complex and troubled history
• How can regionalism benefit Asia?

  • Link the competitive strengths of its diverse economies in order to boost their productivity and sustain the region's exceptional growth
  • Connect the region's capital markets to enhance financial stability, reduce the cost of capital, and improve opportunities for sharing risks
  • Cooperate in setting exchange rate and macroeconomic policies in order to minimize the effects of global and regional shocks and to facilitate the resolution of global imbalances
  • Pool the region's foreign exchange reserves to make more resources available for investment and development
  • Exercise leadership in global decision making to sustain the open global trade and financial systems that have supported a half century of unparalleled economic development
  • Build connected infrastructure and collaborate on inclusive development to reduce inequalities within and across economies and thus to strengthen support for pro-growth policies
  • Create regional mechanisms to manage cross-border health, safety, and environmental issues better
• The region's influence in the world continues to increase
• The region's economy is already similar in size to those Europe and North America
• The center of gravity of the global economy is shifting to Asia
• How can Asian regionalism benefit the world?

  • Generate productivity gains, new ideas, and competition that boost economic growth and raise incomes across the world
  • Contribute to the efficiency and stability of global financial markets by making asian capital markets stronger and safer, and by maximizing the productive use of asian savings
  • Diversify sources of global demand, helping to stabilize the world economy and diminish the risks posed by global imbalances and downturns in other major economies
  • Provide leadership to help sustain open global trade and financial systems
  • Create regional mechanisms to manage health, safety, and environmental issues better, and thus contribute to more effective global solutions of these problems
• Global City


  • Characterized by occupational and income polarization, with the highly paid professional class on the one end and providers of low-paid services on the other
  • Global command centers of the world economy
  • The global flows of people, capital and ideas are woven into the daily lived experiences of its residents
  • Embodies both the good and the bad effects of globalization
  • Cosmopolitanism is the phenomenon most readily associated with the global city
  • Transcends boundaries of nation-state
• In the early stage of cultural imperialism, researches focused their efforts mostly on nation-states as primary actors in international relations
• Global Power City Index (GPCI)


  • Evaluates and ranks the major cities of the world according to their "magnetism" which means the comprehensive power to attract creative people and business enterprises from around the world
  • Reveals the strengths and weaknesses of each city and at the same time uncovers problems that need to overcome
  • Ranking has been produced with the involvement of the late Sir Peter Hall
  • Focuses on a wide variety of functions in order to assess and rank the global potential and comprehensive power of a city
• Key Findings of the GPCI - 2017

  • Cities such as Los Angeles, Beijing and San Francisco largely improve their ranking
  • By region, the European cities on the whole score highly in Livability and Environment
  • London (1), New York (2), Tokyo (3), Paris (4) and Singapore (5) have remained in the top 5 for nine consecutive years
  • Dubai and Buenos Aires make their first-ever appearances in the GPCI in 2017 with respective comprehensive rankings of No. 23 and No. 40
• Advantages of Global City

  • Provide basic services, including safe water and adequate sanitation
  • Void of discriminatory practices
  • Provide jobs that pay an adequate wage
  • Access to educational facilities and health care
  • Enjoy security of tenure and affordable housing
  • Live in communities that are safe and environment that are clean
  • The cities are governed through inclusive local democratic processes
  • Highly Urbanized and wealthy
  • Access to advanced technology
  • People are not at risk of forced eviction
• Downside of Global City

  • Alienation
  • Social isolation
  • Discrimination against migrants of certain kinds
  • Impersonality
  • High costs
• Criteria for Measuring Global Power

  • Economy
  • Research and Development
  • Cultural Interaction
  • Livability
  • Environment
  • Accessibility