Ictp midterm

• EM


  Emotional Interaction

  
• INTERACTION


  Emotional interaction mechanism
• Design rules


  Standards and guidelines providing direction for designers in order to enhance the interactive properties of the system
• W7: INTERACTION


  Emotional interaction

  
• EMOTIONAL INTERACTION


  Emotional interaction
• Implementation Support


  A planned approach to integrate new or upgraded software or systems into the existing workflow of an organizational structure to help ensure the success of a business' overall system
• Implementation Support


  • Programming Tools
  • Windowing Systems
  • Interaction Toolkits
  • User Interface Management Systems
• Programming Tools


  • Provide a means of effectively translating abstract designs and usability principles into an executable form
  • Provide different levels of services for the programmer
• Compiler


  A special program that processes statements written in a particular programming language and turns them into machine language or "code" that a computer's processor uses
• Debugger


  A program that allows you to step through another program one line at a time to identify incorrect code and analyze how a program "flows"
• GUI designer


  A software development tool that simplifies the creation of GUIs by allowing the designer to arrange graphical control elements using a drag-and-drop WYSIWYG editor
• Windowing Systems


  • A central environment for both the programmer and user of an interactive system, allowing a single workstation to support separate user-system threads of action simultaneously
  • A system for sharing a computer's graphical display presentation resources among multiple applications at the same time
• Device independence


  The process of making a software application able to function on a wide variety of devices regardless of the operating system and local hardware
• The emotional interaction mechanism


  1. Describes the way emotions affect each other

  2. Situated intrapersonal, interpersonal, or human-computer interactions

  3. Necessary for efficient, effective and affective learning

  
• Shared resource


  A computer resource made available from one host to other hosts on a computer network
• Client-server


  A computer network in which one centralized, powerful computer (the server) is a hub to which many less powerful personal computers or workstations (the clients) are connected
• Toolkits


  • A set of basic components and accessories that help software developers create programs in a more efficient manner
  • A program used for software development or system maintenance
  • A single utility program, a set of software routines or a complete integrated set of software utilities that are used to develop and maintain applications and databases
• Toolkits


  • AWT (Java Foundation Classes)
  • Google Web Toolkit
• User Interface Management Systems

  • Aims to improve portability, reusability, multiple interfaces, and customizability of user interfaces
• Seeheim Model


  • Presentation - defines the behavior of the system as perceived and manipulated by the user
  • Dialogue Control - maintains communication between presentation and application layer
  • Application Interface - manages communication with the application and provides the view of the interface
  • Little Box/Switch - improves performance between them by providing direct link
• Designing for maximum usability

  • Principles of usability
  • General understanding
  • Standards and guidelines
  • Direction for design
  • Design patterns
  • Capture and reuse design knowledge
• Emotions and the user experience

  • What makes us happy, sad, annoyed, anxious, frustrated, motivated, delirious and so on
  • Translating this into different aspects of the user experience
  • Why people become emotionally attached to certain products (e.g. virtual pets)
  • Can social robots help reduce loneliness and improve wellbeing?
  • How to change human behaviour through the use of emotive feedback
• Emotions and the user experience

  • HCI has traditionally been about designing efficient and effective systems
  • Now more about how to design interactive systems that make people respond in certain ways
  • Emotional interaction is concerned with how we feel and react when interacting with technologies

  
• Types of design rules

  • Principles
  • Standards
  • Guidelines
• Emotional model


  • Our emotional state changes how we think
  • When frightened or angry we focus narrowly and body responds by tensing muscles and sweating
  • More likely to be less tolerant
  • When happy we are less focused and the body relaxes
  • More likely to overlook minor problems and be more creative

  
• Principles


  A fundamental truth or proposition that serves as the foundation for a system of belief or behavior or for a chain of reasoning
• Expressive interfaces


  • Provide reassuring feedback that can be both informative and fun
  • Can also be intrusive, causing people to get annoyed and even angry
  • Color, icons, sounds, graphical elements and animations are used to make the 'look and feel' of an interface appealing
  • Conveys an emotional state
  • Can affect the usability of an interface
  • People are prepared to put up with certain aspects of an interface (e.g. slow download rate) if the end result is appealing and aesthetic
• Principles


  • Abstract design rules
  • Low authority
  • High generality
• Causes of annoying interfaces

  • When an application doesn't work properly or crashes
  • When a system doesn't do what the user wants it to do
  • When a user's expectations are not met
  • When a system does not provide sufficient information to enable the user to know what to do
  • When error messages pop up that are vague, obtuse or condemning
  • When the appearance of an interface is garish, noisy, gimmicky or patronizing
  • When a system requires users to carry out too many steps to perform a task, only to discover a mistake was made earlier and they need to start all over again
• Standards


  An idea or thing used as a measure, norm, or model in comparative evaluations
• Standards


  • Specific design rules
  • High authority
  • Limited application
• Guidelines


  A statement by which to determine a course of action
• Guidelines


  • Lower authority
  • More general application
• Principles to support usability

  • Learnability
  • Flexibility
  • Robustness
• Learnability


  Concerned with interactive system features, which aid novice users to learn quickly and also allows steady progression to expertise
• Principles of learnability


  • Predictability
  • Synthesizability
  • Familiarity
  • Generalizability
  • Consistency
• Predictability


  This interactive design principle requires a user's knowledge of interaction to be sufficient to determine the outcome of present or future interaction with the system
• Synthesizability


  The ability of the user to assess the effect of past operations on the current state
• Familiarity


  How prior knowledge applies to new system, or make use of the new users past experience with other applications; affordance
• Generalizability


  This interactive design principle provides support for users to extend knowledge of specific interaction within, and across applications, to new, but similar situations