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Micro - Manuel Part 1
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WHAT ARE THE FUNCTIONS OF THE BACTERIAL CELL WALL?(2)
●
PROTECTS
THE
INTERNAL
STRUCTURE OF BACTERIA
●
PROVIDES
THE
SHAPE
OF THE BACTERIA
EXAMPLES OF COMPONENTS A BACTERIAL CELL WALL THAT MAY BE RESPONSIBLE FOR THE PATHOGENECITY OF SOME BACTERIAL SPP.(2)
●
M-PROTEIN
●
MYCOLIC ACID
WHICH SPP. CAN HAVE THIS COMPONENTS ON THEIR CELL WALL? INDICATE THE ACTION OF EACH
●
M-PROTEIN
- STREPTOCOCCUS PYOGENES
PREVENTS BACTERIAL PHAGOCYTOSIS
●
MYCOLIC ACID
- MYCOBACTERIUM
PREVENTS INTRACELLULAR DIGESTION
(SULFONAMIDES IN SOME BOOKS)
WHICH SPP. OF BACTERIA LACKS THE CELL WALL STRUCTURE IN THEIR CYTOLOGY?(2)
●
MYCOPLASMA
SPP.
●
UREAPLASMA
SPP.
BECAUSE OF THE ABSENCE OF ITS CELLS WALLS THE STRUCTURE OF THESE ORGANISMS ARE TERMED AS?
●
PLEOMORPHIC
- VARIES IN
SHAPE
WHAT IS THE MAIN CONSTITUENT OF A BACTERIAL CELL WALL?
PEPTIDOGLYCAN
PEPTIDOGLYCAN IS MADE UP OF WHAT COMPOUNDS
●
N-ACETYL GLUCOSAMINE
●
N-ACETYL MURAMIC ACID
WHAT IS THE TEST FOR DIFFERENTIATING BACTERIA BASED ON THE COMPONENTS OF THEIR CELL WALL?
GRAM STAINING
INDICATE THE REAGENTS USED FOR GRAM STAINING AND THEIR PURPOSE(4)
1.
CRYSTAL VIOLET
- PRIMARY STAIN
2.
GRAM'S
IODINE - MORDANT
3. 95%
ETHYL ALCOHOL
/
ACETONE ALCOHOL -DECOLORIZER
4.
SAFRANIN
-
COUNTERSTAIN
INDICATE THE REACTION OF A (1)GRAM POSITIVE
FROM A (2) GRAM NEGATIVE ORGANISM
1.
VIOLET
/
PURPLE
- GRAM POSITIVE
2.
RED
/
PINK
- GRAM NEGATIVE
WHAT ARE THE MOST COMMON METHODS IN FIXATING A SPECIMEN ON A GLASS SLIDE FOR GRAM STAINING? (2)
-
HEAT
FIXATION
- SLIDE
WARMER
THIS IS THE "MOST CRITICAL" STEP IN GRAM STAINING?
DECOLORIZING
THIS IS A COMPONENT IN THE CELL WALL OF BACTERIA THAT BINDS TO MAGNESIUM
TECHOIC ACID
THE STRUCTURE OF GRAM (-) BACTERIA IS DIFFERENT BECAUSE OF WHAT?
●
LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE BILAYER
WHAT OTHER NAMES CAN BE
ASSOCIATED
TO THE LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE BILAYER? (3)
1. O
ANTIGEN
2. CORE
ANTIGEN
(CORE)
3.
LIPID
A - "
ENDOTOXIN
"
WHAT STRUCTURES ARE PRESENT IN GRAM(+) BACTERIA THAT IS ABSENT IN GRAM(-) BACTERIA?(2)
GRAM
NEGATIVE
●
TEICHOIC
ACID
●
LIPOTEICHOIC
ACID
ALL COCCI ARE GRAM POSITIVE EXCEPT FOR? (3)
Hint: NBV
1.
NEISSERIA
2.
BRUNHAMELLA
/
MORAXELLA
3.
VEILONELLA
WHICH OF THE 3 EXHIBIT A "RED" FLUORESCENCE WHEN EXPOSED TO UV LIGHT?
VEILONELLA
EXAMPLES OF MEDICALLY RELEVANT GRAM (+) COCCI AEROBES. (3)
Hint: MSS
●
MICROCOCCUS
SPP.
●
STAPHYLOCOCCUS
SPP.
●
STREPTOCOCCUS
SPP.
EXAMPLES OF GRAM (+) COCCI ANAEROBES (3)
Hint: PPS
● PEPTOCOCCUS SPP.
●
PEPTOSTREPTOCOCCUS
SPP.
●
SARCINA
SPP.
ALL BACILLI ARE GRAM (
-
) EXCEPT FOR? (
11
)
●BACILLUS
●CORYNENBACTERIUM
●ERYSIPELOTHRIX
●LISTERIA
●LACTOBACILLUS
●MYCOBACTERIA
●NOCARDIA
●ROTHIA
/
KURTHIA
●ACTINOMYCES
●CLOSTRIDIUM
●PROPIONOBACTERIUM
(8) AEROBIC BACILLI
HINT:
CELL BMNR
●
CORYNENBACTERIUM
●
ERYSIPELOTHRIX
●
LISTERIA
●
LACTOBACILLUS
●
BACILLUS
●
MYCOBACTERIA
●
NOCARDIA
●
ROTHIA
/
KURTHIA
(3) ANAEROBIC BACILLI
HINT:
CAP
●
CLOSTRIDIUM
●
ACTINOMYCES
●
PROPIONOBACTERIUM
EXAMPLES OF FUNGUS-LIKE BACTERIA?(2)
●
ACTINOMYCES
●
NOCARDIA
EXAMPLES OF SPIROCHETES?(3)
Hint: TBL
●
TREPONEMA
●
BORRELIA
●
LEPTOSPIRA
WHAT ARE THE SPECIAL TERMS ASSOCIATED TO THEIR FLAGELLA (2)?
●
PERIPLASMIC
FLAGELLA
●
AXIAL
FILAMENTS
IT IS KNOWN THAT SPIROCHETES GENERALLY CANNOT BE STAINED.
HOWEVER SOME OF CAN EXHIBIT A GRAM REACTION, SPIROCHETES THAT HAVE A GRAM REACTION ARE __________________?
GRAM NEGATIVE
TERM GIVEN TO THE GRAM STAIN REACTION OF MYCOBACTERIA?
GRAM
GHOST /
NEUTRAL
ASIDE FROM MYCOBACTERIA WHICH OTHER BACTERIA CAN BE CONSIDERED ACID FAST/PARTIALLY ACID FAST?(3)
Hint:
NRL
●
NOCARDIA
SPP.
●
RHODOCOCCUS
SPP.
●
LEGIONELLA
MICDADAE
PARASITES THAT ARE KNOWN TO BE ACID FAST?(2)
●
ISOSPORA
●
CRYPTOSPORIDIUM
ALL GRAM (-) BACILLI ARE AEROBES EXCEPT?(2)
●
FUSOBACTERIUM
●
BACTEROIDES
WHAT ARE THE TWO TYPES OF AFB STAINING?
●
ZIEHL-NEELSEN
METHOD - hot method
●
KINYUON
METHOD - cold method
WHAT MORDANT/INTENSIFIER TECHNIQUE IS USED IN EACH OF THE TWO TYPES OF AFB STAINING?
●
ZIEHL-NEELSEN
- steam
●
KINYUON
- Tergitol
WHAT IS THE DECOLORIZER USED IN AFB STAINING?
3%ACID ALCOHOL
HOW IS THE DECOLORIZER (3% ACID ALCOHOL) MADE? [ASSUMING THAT 1L NEEDED]
30
ML HCL
+
970
ML ETHYL ALCOHOL
WHAT IS THE MOST COMMONLY USED COUNTER STAIN IN AFB STAINING?
●
METHYLENE BLUE
- most commonly used
●
MALACHITE GREEN
- alternative
WHAT OTHER ACID MAYBE USED AS A DECOLORIZER IN AFB STAINING?(%)
1% SULFURIC ACID
PURPOSE OF
1% SULFURIC ACID
USEFUL IN THE
DEMONSTRATION
OF
WEAKLY ACID FAST BACILLI
(ex:
Nocardia
)
IDEAL SMEAR SIZE OF AFB STAIN
2CM
X
3CM
FUNCTION OF THE POLYSACCHARIDE COMPONENT A BACTERIAL CELL
INHIBITS PHAGOCYTOSIS
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