protein synthesis

• Protein Synthesis


  DNA → RNA → Protein

  
• Protein


  Executor of cell life activities
• Amino acids


  Building blocks of proteins
• Types of RNA


  • mRNA (carries genetic code)
  • rRNA (structural component of ribosomes)
  • tRNA (carries amino acids to ribosomes)

  
• DNA Replication


  1. Enzymes unzip DNA strand

  2. RNA primer tells next enzyme where to begin

  3. Adds nucleotides

  4. Links together fragments

  
• Enzymes


  Molecules that speed up the rate of chemical reactions
• DNA replication produces two identical DNA molecules

  
• RNA Transcription


  Coding region of DNA is converted to mRNA

  
• Transcription takes place in the nucleus
• Translation


  Information in mRNA nucleotide sequence is used to dictate the amino acid sequence of a protein

  
• Codon


  Sequence of three nucleotides on mRNA that encode a specific amino acid

  
• Anticodon


  Sequence of three nucleotides on tRNA that bond to a complementary sequence on mRNA

  
• Translation takes place at ribosomes in the cytoplasm