COSH Midterm

• Personal Protective Equipment


  Variety of devices and garments designed to serve as barriers between workers and workplace hazards
• Workplace hazards


  • Impact from falling objects
  • Perforation/fracture of the skull
  • Bump against rigid stationary objects
  • Electrical Shock
  • Penetration by sharp objects
  • Burns
  • Contact with live electrical conductors
  • Fire Hazards
• Hard Hat or Safety Helmet


  A rigid device that is worn to provide protection for the head and which is held in place by a suitable suspension
• Parts of a hard hat

  • Suspension system (headband and straps)
  • Hard outer shell
  • Chin strap
  • Brim
• Care and maintenance of hard hats

  Wash with mild soap and water
• Occupational eye and face hazards


  • Large flying particles and fragments
  • Dust, fumes, mists, and small particles
  • Vapors and liquids
  • Intense heat and radiation
• Effects of occupational eye and face hazards


  • Permanent loss of vision
  • Temporary loss of vision
  • Inflamed eyes
  • Skin burns
  • Lacerations
  • Fractures
  • Broken Teeth
• Protective eye and face equipment shall be required where there is a reasonable probability of injury that can be prevented by such equipment
• Safety Spectacles or Glasses


  Primary protective devices intended to shield the wearer's eyes from flying and striking objects, glare and injurious radiation hazards
• Sideshield


  An integral device or an accessory attached to spectacles that provides side exposure protection to the eye
• Goggles


  Primary protective devices intended to fit the face immediately surrounding the eyes, providing a secure shield around the entire eye area
• Face Shield


  A protective device intended to shield the wearer's face, or portions thereof from striking objects or chemical, heat and glare hazards
• Hearing protection device


  Anything that can be worn to reduce the level of sound entering the ear
• You should wear a hearing protection device whenever you are exposed to noise that is 90 decibels or greater for an 8 hour period of time
• Arm's Length Rule


  If two people (with no hearing impairment) have to raise their voices or shout to be heard in a distance of less than an arm's length from each other, the sound level is potentially hazardous
• Types of hearing protectors

  • Earplugs
  • Earmuffs
• Respiratory protection devices


  • Filtration Respirator
  • Chemical Cartridge Devices
  • Air-supplying Respirator
  • Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA)
• Hand and arm hazards


  • Temperature extremes
  • Chemical exposures and splashes
  • Sharp objects
  • Fire
  • Abrasive materials
  • Live Electrical Conductors
• Different kinds of gloves

  • Metal mesh gloves
  • Leather Gloves
  • Vinyl or neoprene gloves
  • Rubber gloves
  • Welder's gloves
  • Cotton gloves
• Common arm and hand injuries


  • Burns
  • Bruises
  • Abrasions
  • Cuts
  • Punctures
  • Fractures
  • Amputations
• Cotton Gloves


  Help grasp slippery objects and protect against slivers, dirt, moderate heat or cold
• Foot hazards


  • Falling or rolling objects
  • Sharp objects
  • Live Electrical conductors
  • Hot surfaces
  • Wet, slippery surfaces
• Foot protection


  • Safety Shoes (with toe cap and midsole device)
  • Electrical Resistance footwear
  • Electrostatic Dissipating footwear
• Travel Restriction System


  An assembly composed of body belt and proper accessories that prevent a worker from traveling to an edge from where he or she may fall like leading edges or roof
• Fall Arrest System


  Designed to minimize stress forces on an employee's body in the event of a fall, while providing sufficient freedom of movement to allow work to be performed
• Components of a personal fall arrest system

  • Rope/Lanyard
  • Anchorages
  • Horizontal lifeline
  • Vertical lifeline
  • Body harness
• Full Body Harness


  Consists of straps passed over the shoulders, across the chest, and around the legs. Protects more than a safety belt by distributing the force of impact over a greater area of the body
• Limitations of PPE


  • The hazard still exists
  • A defective PPE offers no protection
  • The PPE may introduce additional hazard
  • Most PPE are not for continuous use
  • Improper wearing may not give maximum protection
  • It may transfer hazard to another location
• For any PPE to be effective, it must be selected based on use, employees must be trained on its use, it must be used and worn, and it must be maintained
• Hazard


  Something with the potential to cause harm. It can take many forms including chemicals, electricity or noise
• Common foot and leg injuries


  • Fractures
  • Punctures
  • Burns
  • Cuts
  • Amputations
  • Electrocution
• Risk


  The likelihood of potential harm from a hazard being realized. It is also linked to the severity of its consequences
• High risk are in fact high hazard. There should only be high residual risk where there is poor health and safety management and inadequate control measures
• Risk assessment


  The identification of preventative and protective measures by the evaluation of the risk(s) arising from a hazard(s), taking into account the adequacy of any existing controls, and deciding whether or not the risk(s) is acceptable
• The Health and Safety Work Act 1974 and the Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations specify the need for risk assessment
• The suspension system includes the headband and straps on the inside of the hat. This system absorbs and distributes the force of impact.
• The hard outer shell protects the head from sharp objects, such as falling tool. It also absorbs part of the force of impact, since it is somewhat flexible.
• The chin strap secures the hard hat to the wearer’s head.
• The brim redirects the direction of the falling object.
• A ­­­­­­­­­­hearing protection device is anything that can be worn to reduce the level of sound entering the ear.