Biology - CirculatorySystem

• Plasma is fluid portion
• a four chambered, hollow muscular organ approximately the size of your fist

  heart
• A closed network of tubes

  Blood Vessels
• Blood vessels includes:

  Arteries, Capillaries and Veins
• The distributing channel (under blood vessel)

  Arteries
• The microscopic vessels (under blood vessel)

  Capillaries
• The draining channel (under blood vessel)

  Veins
• In insects, other arthropods, and most molluscs, blood

  bathes the organs directly in an open circulatory system
• In an open circulatory system, there is NO distinction

  between blood and interstitial fluid
• this general body fluid is called hemolymph
• In a closed circulatory system, blood is confined to

  vessels and is distinct from the interstitial fluid
• more efficient at transporting circulatory fluids to tissues and cells

  Closed systems
• Annelids, cephalopods, and vertebrates have closed circulatory systems
• Humans and other vertebrates have a closed circulatory system called the ecardiovascular system
• converge into veins and return blood from capillaries to the heart

  Venules
• Networks of capillaries called capillary beds are the sites of chemical exchange between the blood and interstitial fluid
• Arteries branch into arterioles and carry blood away from the heart to capillaries
• are distinguished by the direction of blood flow, not by O2 content

  Arteries and veins
• Vertebrate hearts contain?

  Two or more chambers
• There Are Two Types of Circulation:

  Pulmonary Circulation and Systemic Circulation
• moves blood between the heart and the lungs. It transports deoxygenated blood to the lungs to absorb oxygen and release carbon dioxide. The oxygenated blood then flows back to the heart.

  Pulmonary circulation
• moves blood between the heart and the rest of the body. It sends oxygenated blood out to cells and returns deoxygenated blood to the heart.

  Systemic circulation
• Blood is responsible for?

  Transporting gases such as oxygen & carbon dioxide
• Blood is responsible for:

  Transporting Gases

  Transporting Waste Produces

  Transporting Nutrients

  Helping remove toxins from the body
• Blood makes up 6–8% of ourtotal body weight.
• Normal adult blood volume is 5L
• Blood is made up of cellular material in a fluid called plasma
• Blood is a circulating tissue consisting of three types of cells:

  Red Blood Cells

  White Blood Cells

  Platelets
• Most abundant cell in the blood

  Erythrocytes or RBCs
• Largest sized blood cells and has the lowest numbers in the

  blood

  Leukocytes or WBCs
• Primary cells of the immune system. Fights disease and foreign

  invaders

  White Blood Cells
• Involved in the clotting process

  — Seal wounds and prevent blood loss

  Platelets
• When you cut your finger, capillaries are perforated and blood

  begins to seep out. Blood coagulation has to occur in order to stop blood from coming out to prevent more serious injury or death.

  Blood Clotting
• _________ :substance that can trigger the production of

  antibodies.

  Antigen
• _____________: proteins produced by the immune

  system that destroy foreign substances (such as

  antigens).

  Antibodies