COR 002

• the format is an aspect of the organization that is immediately apparent to the reader. the text physically appears like headings and subheadings

  physical format
• are textual cues that readers can use to follow a text. they can signal the transition from one point to another, the ordering of events and concepts

  signal words
• the structure provides the framework upon which the text is organized. it consists of the following: introduction, thesis, statement hook


  structure
• refers to a careful, active, reflective, analytic reading. it involves reflecting on the validity of what you have.

  critical reading
• is a technique for evaluating information and ideas, for deciding what to accept and believe

  critical thinking
• makes you text easier for your readers to follow and understand. it can be achieved through these 3 ways of org details:

  coherence and cohesion

  • chronological
  • spatial
  • emphatic
• the details are arranged in the order which they happened. this is an orderly arrangement of ideas which is according to what came first.


  chronological
• the sentence of a paragraph are arranged according to geographical location, such as nearest to farthest, inside to outside, left to right, and other orders relating to space

  spatial
• is when information found in a paragraph is arranged to emphasize certain points depending on the writer’s purpose.

  (a) from least to most important

  (b) from most to least important

  emphatic
• is a series of sentences that are organized, coherent, and are all related to a single topic

  paragraph
• a writer might sometimes use a word incorrectly, and this occurs when the word does not mean what he or she thinks it does

  misused words
• there are words that take on a meaning specific to a context. some writers might not be aware of these connotations

  words with unwanted connotations
• writers want to sound smart by using words that are very technical or have deep meanings 


  technical or highfalutin words
• determine when it is appropriate to use formal language or when an informal language is acceptable

  formal-informal language
• when you writ, you should also make sure that the language you use is direct and simple rather than complicated so that readers would easily unde the text

  direct and simple sentences
• you should also be sensitive enough to use unbiased language, so that you will not offend an individual

  unbiased language
• when you write, you always make sure that you are consistently using one standard with regard to the spell of your words

  spelling
• shows that words have been directly quoted.

  ”i’ve been working hard all day,” he said

  quota marks
• shows that a letter has been omitted from a word in a contraction or make a noun possessive

  apostrophe
• is to form compound words or often used after the prefix of a word

  hyphen
• indicates arrange of numbers of a period of time

  en dash
• shows a big pause in a sentence or emphasis the end of a sentence

  em dash
• is a series of three dots, shows that something has been removed from a sentence. it can also show a pause or an unfinished sentence

  ellipsis/ellipses points
• joins two or more ideas in a sentence or separate items in a series

  comma
• introduces the information that comes after it. it tells the reader that something is coming

  colon
• it connects two complete sentences that are related

  semicolon
• shows a strong emphasis or strong emotion

  exclamation mark
• shows that a question is being asked

  question mark
• is the most common punctuation mark in english language

  period
• is a one-sentence summary that guides, controls, and unifies ideas when writing a paper. it states the argument in a piece of persuasive writing, and often gives an indication what the main sections or the essay will be

  thesis statement
• guides, controls, and unifies ideas in a paragraph. it develops one argument of the thesis statement

  topic sentence
• is the central idea being expressed or examined

  main idea
• claims backed by reasons that are supported by evidence are called

  arguments
• to win an argument, you first have to make a claim that is more than just an assertion
• is a statement about how things were in the past, how they are in the present, or how they will be in the future. it is not a fact, it only claims to be a fact


  fact claim
• are arguable statement concerning the relative merits of something which is measured subjectively

  value claims
• is a statement regarding the merits of one course of action as opposed to other courses of actions

  policy claim
• is defined as the details given by the author in order to support his/her claims

  textual evidence
• restating, using own words

  paraphrasing
• state the important part

  summarizing